1. Ancient Hawai{{Okina}}i

2. 19th-century industry

3. References

4. Further reading

5. External links

Pulu is a silky material obtained from the fibers of the hapu{{Okina}}u pulu (Cibotium glaucum), a tree fern of Hawaii.^[1] It is made of the brown hairs that cover the young fiddlehead as it uncoils.

Ancient Hawai{{Okina}}i

In ancient Hawai{{Okina}}i, pulu (which means "mulch" or "padding" in the Hawaiian language^[1]) was used to embalm the dead.

Women used pulu as an absorbent during their menstrual cycle. When their time came around, they were isolated to a house called the hale pe{{okina}}a or menstrual house.^[2] Men were strongly discouraged to set foot on the grounds of the hale pe{{Okina}}a, by strict social custom known as kapu.

Hawaiians organized the hapu{{Okina}}u fern into two genders; male and female. Males had the tough pulu, and females had the soft pulu. All soiled pulu was then buried around the hale pe{{Okina}}a.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

19th-century industry

For a period in the 19th century, pulu was collected, dried, and exported to California commercially as pillow and mattress stuffing.^[3] A stone structure in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park known as the Old Pulu Factory was a site for drying and packing pulu. However, the discovery that pulu breaks down and crumbles into dust after only a few years led to the demise of the industry. Pulu was collected by cutting down the slow-growing ferns, an extremely unsustainable method. The industry shut down by the 1880s.^[4]

References

Further reading

• {{cite book |title= Pulu: historical aspects of a Hawaiian forest industry |author= Puakea Nogelmeier |year= 1986}}

External links

• {{cite web |title= Napau Crater |author= Nathan Yuen |publisher= HawaiianForest.Com |date= May 31, 2010 |url= http://hawaiianforest.com/napau-crater |accessdate= October 20, 2010 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20101009215312/http://hawaiianforest.com/napau-crater |archivedate= October 9, 2010 |df= }} (trail to old pulu factory described)

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• Gymnastics at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games – Men's vault
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