“Pumi language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Pumi language (also known as Prinmi) is a Qiangic language used by the Pumi people, an ethnic group from Yunnan, China, as well as by the Tibetan people of Muli in Sichuan, China.^[1]^[2] Most native speakers live in Lanping, Ninglang, Lijiang, Weixi and Muli.

The autonym of the Pumi is {{IPA|pʰʐə̃˥mi˥}} in Western Prinmi, {{IPA|pʰɹĩ˥mi˥}} in Central Prinmi, and {{IPA|pʰʐõ˥mə˥˧}} in Northern Prinmi with variants such as {{IPA|pʰɹə̃˥mə˥}} and t{{IPA|ʂʰə̃˥mi˥˧}}.^[3]^[4]

In Muli Bonist priests read religious texts in Tibetan, which needs to be interpreted into Prinmi. An attempt to teach Pumi children to write their language using the Tibetan script has been seen in Ninglang.^[5] A pinyin-based Roman script has been proposed, but is not commonly used.^[6]

Dialects

Earlier works suggest there are two branches of Pumi (southern and northern), and they are not mutually intelligible. Ding (2014) proposes three major groups: Western Prinmi (spoken in Lanping), Central Prinmi (spoken in southwestern Ninglang, Lijiang, Yulong and Yongsheng) and Northern Prinmi (spoken in northern Ninglang and Sichuan).^[7]

Lu (2001)

Sim (2017)

Documentation

Transcribed, translated and annotated audio documents in the Pumi language are available from the Pangloss Collection.^[18] They concern Northern dialects of Pumi.

Sounds

Grammar

A reference grammar of the Wadu dialect of Pumi is [https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/69/27/67/69276721657901706692127480944602004968/A_Grammar_of_Wadu_Pumi_libre.pdf available online].^[19] A grammar of Central Pumi is also available.^[20]

Example

References

1. ^Ding, Picus S. 2003. Prinmi: a sketch of Niuwozi. In Graham Thurgood and Randy LaPolla (eds.) The Sino-Tibetan Languages, pp. 588-601. London: Routledge Press.
2. ^Lu, S. 2001. Dialectal Studies of the Pumi Language. Beijing: Nationalities Press.
3. ^Pumiyu Fangyan Yanjiu 2001.
4. ^Ding, Picus. 2014
5. ^Wáng lěi and Shī Xiǎoliàng. 2011. Shínián, xiāngcūn “hánguī” zǒujìn xiànxué “pǔmǐbān”.
6. ^Ding, Picus. 2007
7. ^Ding, Picus. 2014
8. ^Lù, Shàozūn. 2001. Pŭmĭyŭ fāngyán yánjiū [A dialectal study of the Pŭmĭ language]. Beijing: Mínzú Chūbănshè
9. ^¹Sims, Nathaniel. 2017. The suprasegmental phonology of proto-Rma (Qiang) in comparative perspective. Presented at the 50th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Beijing, China.
10. ^¹Huang Bufan and Dai Qingxia, eds. 1992. Zangmianyuzu yuyan cihui 《藏緬語族語言詞匯》[A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon]. Beijing: Central Institute of Minorities.
11. ^¹Sun Hongkai et al. 1991. Zangmianyu yuyin he cihui 《藏缅语语音和词汇》 [Tibeto-Burman phonology and lexicon]. Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press.
12. ^Jacques, G. (2011). [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00605901 Tonal alternations in the Pumi verbal system]. Language and Linguistics, 12(2), 359-392.
13. ^http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=230994
14. ^Daudey, Henriëtte (2014). [https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/59836 A grammar of Wadu Pumi]. Doctoral dissertation. Melbourne: Department of Linguistics, La Trobe University.
15. ^http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=223332
16. ^Ding, Picus Shizhi. 2001. "The Pitch-accent System of Niuwozi Prinmi." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 24, no. 2: 57-83.
17. ^Matisoff, James A. 1997. "Dàyáng Pumi Phonology and Adumbrations of Comparative Qiangic." In The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal, 27: 171-213.
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://lacito.vjf.cnrs.fr/pangloss/corpus/list_rsc_en.php?lg=Pumi|title=Pangloss Collection - Pumi corpus|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
19. ^Daudey, Henriëtte. 2014. A grammar of Wadu Pumi. Victoria: LaTrobe University Ph.D.
20. ^{{Cite book|title=A grammar of Prinmi: based on the Central dialect of northwest Yunnan, China|last=Ding|first=Picus|publisher=Brill|year=2014|isbn=9789004279773|series=Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region|location=Leiden|pages=}}