| 词条 | Puquina language |
| 释义 |
|name=Puquina |region=south shore of Lake Titicaca |extinct=18th century |familycolor=American |family=unclassified |iso3=puq |linglist=puq |glotto=puqu1242 |glottorefname=Puquina }} Puquina (or Pukina) is an extinct language once spoken by a native ethnic group in the region surrounding Lake Titicaca (Peru and Bolivia) and in the north of Chile. It is often associated with the culture that built Tiwanaku. Remnants of Puquina can be found in the Quechuan and Spanish languages spoken in the south of Peru, mainly in Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna, as well as in Bolivia. There also seem to be remnants in the Kallawaya language, which may be a mixed language formed from Quechuan languages and Puquina. (Terrence Kaufman (1990) finds the proposal plausible.[1]) Some theories claim that "Qhapaq Simi", the cryptic language of the nobility of the Inca Empire, was closely related to Puquina, and that Runa Simi (Quechuan languages) were spoken by commoners. Moulian et al. (2015) argue that Puquina language influenced Mapuche language of southern Chile long before the rise of the Inca Empire.[2] This areal linguistic influence may have started with a migratory wave arising from the collapse of the Tiwanaku empire around 1000 CE.[2][3] Sometimes the term Puquina is used for the Uru language, which is distinctly different. References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://52ica.etnolinguistica.org/adelaar |title=The Puquina and Leko languages |accessdate=2007-09-19 |author=Willem Adelaar |author2=Simon van de Kerke |work=Symposium: Advances in Native South American Historical Linguistics, July 17-18, 2006, at the 52nd International Congress of Americanists, Seville, Spain}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Moulian |first1=Rodrígo |last2=Catrileo |first2=María|last3=Landeo |first3=Pablo|author-link2=María Catrileo |date=2015 |title=Afines quechua en el vocabulario mapuche de Luis de Valdivia |trans-title=Akins Quechua words in the Mapuche vocabulary of Luis de Valdivia |url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-48832015000200004&script=sci_arttext|journal=Revista de lingüística teórica y aplicada |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages= |doi=10.4067/S0718-48832015000200004 |access-date=January 13, 2019|language=Spanish}} 3. ^Dillehay, Tom D.; Pino Quivira, Mario; Bonzani, Renée; Silva, Claudia; Wallner, Johannes; Le Quesne, Carlos (2007) Cultivated wetlands and emerging complexity in south-central Chile and long distance effects of climate change. Antiquity 81 (2007): 949–960
6 : Language isolates of South America|Indigenous languages of the Andes|Extinct languages of South America|Languages extinct in the 18th century|Languages of Peru|Languages of Bolivia |
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