词条 | Pu-Xian Min | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|name=Puxian |nativename={{lang|zh|莆仙語/莆仙話/興化話}} {{lang|cpx|Pó-sing-gṳ̂/Pó-sing-uā/Hing-hua̍-uā}} |states=China, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Taiwan (Wuqiu), United States (California) |region=Fujian (Putian, parts of Fuzhou and Quanzhou) |ethnicity=Putianese (Han Chinese) |speakers={{sigfig|2.56|2}} million |date=2000 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Sino-Tibetan |fam2=Chinese |fam3=Min |fam4=Coastal Min |script=Chinese characters Hinghwa Romanized(báⁿ-uā-ci̍) |dia1=Putian |dia2=Xianyou |iso3=cpx |glotto=puxi1243 |glottoname=Pu-Xian Chinese |glotto2=heng1238 |glottoname2=Henghua |glotto3=xing1246 |glottoname3=Xinghua |lingua=79-AAA-id |notice=IPA |map=Min dialect map.svg |mapcaption={{legend|#3fdebf|Pu-Xian Min}} }} Puxian (Hinghwa Romanized: Pó-sing-gṳ̂/莆仙語; {{zh|s=莆仙话|t=莆仙話|p=Púxiānhuà}}), also known as Pu-Xian Chinese, Puxian Min, Xinghua or Hinghwa (Hing-hua̍-gṳ̂/興化語; {{zh|s=兴化语|t=興化語|p=Xīnghuàyǔ}}), is a branch of Min Chinese. Puxian is spoken mostly in Fujian province, particularly in Putian city and Xianyou County (after which it is named), parts of Fuzhou, and parts of Quanzhou. It is also widely used as the mother tongue in Wuqiu Township, Kinmen County, Fujian Province, Republic of China. More than 2000 people in Shacheng, Fuding in northern Fujian also speak Puxian.[1] There are minor differences between the dialects of Putian and Xianyou. Overseas populations of Puxian speakers exist in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. Speakers of Puxian are also known as Henghua, Hinghua, or Xinghua. HistoryBefore the year 979 AD, the Puxian region was part of Quanzhou county and people there spoke a form of Southern Min.[2][3] due to its origin in the past. In 979 AD, during the Song Dynasty, the region was administratively separated from Quanzhou and the Chinese spoken there developed separately from the rest of Southern Min. Due to its proximity with Fuzhou, it absorbed some elements of Eastern Min, but its basic linguistic characteristic i.e. grammar and most vocabulary is based on Quanzhou dialect.[4] Puxian Min has 62% cognates with Quanzhou dialect (Southern Min) and only 39% cognates with Fuzhou dialect (Eastern Min).[5] CharacteristicsDifferences with Southern Min dialectsPuxian differs from most Southern Min varieties in several ways:
Borrowings from Eastern Min
PhonologyPuxian has 15 consonants, including the zero onset, the same as most other Min varieties. Puxian is distinctive for having a lateral fricative {{IPA|[ɬ]}} instead of the {{IPA|[s]}} in other Min varieties, similar to Taishanese. Puxian has 40 finals and 6 phonemic tones. Initials
FinalsPuxian Min has 39 finals.
Tone
Register
Assimilation新婦房 ɬiŋ pu paŋ → ɬiŋ mu βaŋ 青草 tsʰɔŋ tsʰau → tsʰɔŋ nau Comparison between Putian Min and Quanzhou Min Nan
Sentence-final particles
Romanization{{Main|Hinghwa Romanized}}Hing-hua̍ báⁿ-uā-ci̍ (興化平話字) is the Romanization system for Puxian Min. It has 23 letters: {{Not a typo|a a̤ b c ch d e e̤ g h i k l m n ng o o̤ p s t u ṳ}}. The Romanization only needs five tone marks for seven tones:
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-LYSX201301010.htm|title=A Further Study on Puxian Dialect Zone in Aoyao Village,Fuding--《Journal of Longyan University》2013年01期|website=en.cnki.com.cn}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.taiwanus.net/church/index3/201105272034221335.htm|title=世界上根本無閩南語 ~ 王華南|website=www.taiwanus.net}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://8944.net/read/5344079.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-06-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150621231817/http://8944.net/read/5344079.html |archivedate=2015-06-21 |df= }} 4. ^http://baike.baidu.com/view/909013.htm 5. ^李如龍、陳章太:《論閩方言內部的主要差異》,《閩語硏究》 pg 58-138. 北京:語文出版社, 1991. External links{{Incubator|code=cpx}}{{incubator|cpx|wiktionary}}{{WikisourceWiki|Pó-sing-gṳ̂}}
6 : Pu-Xian Min|Min Chinese|Languages of China|Languages of Taiwan|Languages of Malaysia|Languages of Singapore |
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