| 词条 | PWS-24 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The PWS-24 was a Polish single-engine passenger aircraft for 4 passengers, built in PWS factory, used from 1933 to 1936 by LOT Polish Airlines. In spite of its limited capacity, it was the only series-built airliner of domestic design ever used by the LOT.[2] DevelopmentThe aircraft was a development of an unsuccessful PWS-21, utilizing its lightweight construction wing (weight 300 kg). A fuselage and stabilizers were new. The main designer was Stanisław Cywiński. The prototype (markings SP-AGR) first flew in August 1931 in Biała Podlaska. After trials and some modifications, it won a Ministry of Communication's contest for a successor of Junkers F-13 in LOT airlines, against Lublin R-XVI. In June 1932 it took the first place in a passenger aircraft race at the international air meeting in Warsaw. Polish Ministry of Communication ordered a series of 5 aircraft for LOT airlines, built in 1933 (markings: SP-AJF, -AJG, -AJH, -AJJ, -AJK). In 1932, the prototype SP-AGR was fitted with a more powerful engine, the 300 hp Lorraine Algol, instead of the 240 hp Wright Whirlwind J-5. It was later tested with a 400 hp Pratt & Whitney Wasp Junior engine. Maximum speed improved from 185 to 225 km/h, comparing with the basic variant. In 1934 a production of further 5 aircraft started, with Wasp Junior engines, designated PWS-24bis (markings: SP-AMN, -AMO, -AMP, -AMR, -AMS). Also one PWS-24 was converted to PWS-24bis (SP-ASY, ex. SP-AJH). UsagePWS-24 were put into use in LOT Polish Airlines from May 1, 1933 on domestic lines. Their flight characteristics and durability proved however worse, than of single-engined Fokker F.VIIa/1m, used by LOT, so their service was not long. In 1935 three PWS-24 (SP-AGR, -AJF, -AJJ) were converted to aerial photography variant, but in 1936 four PWS-24s were broken up. The last, SP-AJJ, was broken up in 1938. PWS-24bis entered service in LOT in 1935. They were used there however only until 1936. PWS-24bis SP-AMR was sold in April 1935 to the Polish Air Force and used as a staff machine. It had a slight accident and compulsory landing on 27 April 1935[3], its further fate is not known. SP-ASY and -AMN were broken up in 1936-1937. SP-AMO was sold in 1936 to Maritime and Colonial League paramilitary organization and soon crashed in July 1936 during testing of a new variable-pitch propeller.[3] The remaining two PWS-24bis (SP-AMP and-AMS) were converted to aerial photography in 1936 and used until the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. After the German invasion, SP-AMP was damaged during bombing, while SP-AMS was evacuated to Romania, where it was seized by Romanian government in February 1940 and later used by the LARES line to aerial photography.[4] It was broken up after an accident 8 September 1940.[4] Operators
DescriptionHigh-wing cantilever monoplane of mixed construction, with closed cab and single engine. A fuselage of a steel frame, covered with canvas on a wooden frame. Straight one-piece wooden wing, with elliptical endings, two-spar, plywood covered. Tailfins of steel frame, canvas covered. Crew of two (pilot and mechanic), in a cab before the wing, with twin controls. Next and below in a fuselage, under the wing, there was a cabin for 4 passengers, with wide rectangular windows and a door on the left side. Radial engine in fuselage front, fitted with a Townend ring. Two-blade metal propeller of variable pitch. Conventional fixed landing gear, with a rear skid; struts with shock absorbers joined the main gear with wings. Fuel tanks 260 l in central wing section (cruise consumption 50-58 l/h in PWS-24, 95 l/h in PWS-24bis). Engine:
Specifications (PWS-24bis){{aircraft specifications||plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |crew=2, pilot and mechanic |capacity=4 |length main= 9.65 m |length alt= |span main=15 m |span alt= |height main=2.95 m |height alt= |area main=31.75 m² |area alt= ft² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 1220 kg |empty weight alt= |loaded weight main= 2000 kg |loaded weight alt= |useful load main= 780 kg |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |engine (prop)=Pratt and Whitney Wasp Junior TB |type of prop= air-cooled 9-cylinder radial |number of props=1 |power main=420 hp |power alt= |max speed main=225 km/h |max speed alt= |cruise speed main= 180 km/h |cruise speed alt= |stall speed main= <90 km/h |stall speed alt= |range main=700 km |range alt= |ceiling main=5,000 m |ceiling alt= |climb rate main= 4.2 m/s |climb rate alt= |loading main= 63 kg/m² |loading alt= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |armament= }} See also{{aircontent||related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists= |see also= }} References1. ^Mazur 2016, p. 16 *Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" (Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939), WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 (Polish language, no ISBN)2. ^PZL.4, PZL.27, PZL.44 Wicher and PZL MD-12 were evaluated by LOT, being prototypes. 3. ^1 Morgała 2003, p. 310 4. ^1 Mazur 2016, p. 51-57
External links{{commons category|PWS-24}}
7 : Polish airliners 1930–1939|Polish civil utility aircraft 1930–1939|Polish military utility aircraft 1930–1939|PWS aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|High-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1931 |
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