| 词条 | Pycnonemosaurus |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = Late Cretaceous, {{fossilrange|70|earliest=70.6|latest=66}} | image = Pycnonemosaurus nevesi skeletal simple.jpg | image_caption = Skeletal restoration showing known material | genus = Pycnonemosaurus | parent_authority = Kellner & Campos, 2002 | species = nevesi | display_parents = 2 | authority = Kellner & Campos, 2002 | synonyms =
}} Pycnonemosaurus (meaning 'dense forest lizard') is a genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur that belonged to the family Abelisauridae. It was found in the Upper Cretaceous Bauru-type red conglomerate sandstones of the Adamantina Formation, Mato Grosso, Brazil, and it lived about 70 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian stage). Discovery and namingThe type species, Pycnonemosaurus nevesi, was formally described by Kellner and Campos in 2002.[1][1] The only known specimen was found in a red conglomeratic sandstone at the Fazenda Roncador locality, in Mato Grosso State that is exposed close to Paulo Creek, which is referred to an unidentified formation of the Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group. During 1952-1953, Llewellyn Ivor Price visited a farm named "Roncador" in the state of Mato Grosso and collected several dinosaur bones. These remains were found by the owner of the farm, Max de Barros Erhart, and his hired workers at the Paulo Creek site. The most important specimen found was the incomplete skeleton of a large abelisaurid theropod, which was found near several titanosaurid sauropod bones.[1] Pycnonemosaurus nevesi was named from the Greek word pycnós meaning dense, némos meaning pastures and woods, and saûrus meaning reptile or lizard. This naming was an allusion to Mato Grosso State, where the remains were found. The specific name was named after the late Dr. Iedo Batista Neves, who passed in 2000, who encouraged the pursuit of paleontological studies, particularly of Alexander Kellner.[1]DescriptionThus far, the remains of Pycnonemosaurus have been fragmentary. No elements were well preserved, and the bone surface is well abraded that indicates the elements were partially exposed at the discovery location before being collected.[1] The type specimen (DGM 859-R), housed at the Earth Sciences Museum, Rio de Janeiro, consists of five incomplete teeth, parts of seven caudal vertebrae, the distal part of a right pubis, a right tibia, and the distal articulation of the right fibula. The small pubic foot and hatchet-shaped cnemial crest of the tibia distinguishes this species within the abelisaurs. The caudal vertebra has distinct abelisaurid features, such as a fan-shaped transverse process and a cranial projection. However, these awl-like projections are somewhat unlike related abelisaurids, such as Aucasaurus, in that they diminish more towards the distal caudals. All remains were found associated and are presently regarded as belonging to the same individual.[1] Initial size estimates put the animal at {{convert|7|m|ft}} in length,[2] but later analyses have found that it was likely larger, being about {{convert|8.9|m|ft|1}} long.[3] This new size estimate currently makes Pycnonemosaurus the largest formally described member of the Abelisauridae thus far.[4] Pycnonemosaurus is the best known abelisaurid from Brazil, where most theropod material is presently rare besides preserved teeth and footprints. Even though only a few species are known from Brazil, it is one of the most informative continents concerning the Lower Cretaceous period.[1]See also
References{{Portal|Dinosaurs|Cretaceous|Prehistory of South America}}1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal|last1=Kellner|first1=A.W.A.|last2=Campos|first2=D.A.|date=2002|title=On a theropod dinosaur (Abelisauria) from the continental Cretaceous of Brazil.|url=http://www.museunacional.ufrj.br/publicacoes/wp-content/arquivos/Arqs%2060%20n%203%20p%20163-170%20Kellner%20&%20Campos.pdf|journal=Arquivos do Museu Nacional Rio de Janeiro|volume=60|issue=3|pages=163–170|via=}} 2. ^1 Paul, G.S., 2010., The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press. p. 79 3. ^{{cite journal |last1 = Grillo | first1 = O. N. | last2 = Delcourt | first2 = R. |date = 2016 | title = Allometry and body length of abelisauroid theropods: Pycnonemosaurus nevesi is the new king | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667116301902 | journal = Cretaceous Research | volume = 69 | pages = 71–89 | doi = 10.1016/j.cretres.2016.09.001}} 4. ^Brazilian dinosaur was king of the abelisaurs External links{{commonscat|Pycnonemosaurus}}
7 : Brachyrostrans|Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America|Cretaceous Brazil|Fossils of Brazil|Adamantina Formation|Fossil taxa described in 2002|Taxa named by Alexander Kellner |
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