| 词条 | Qardaha |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Qardaha |other_name = |native_name = قرداحة |native_name_lang = ar |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = Syria |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize =250 |pushpin_map_caption =Location in Syria |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Syria}} |subdivision_type1 = Governorate |subdivision_name1 = Latakia Governorate |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Qardaha District |subdivision_type3 = Nahiyah |subdivision_name3 = Qardaha |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Metric |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2004 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 8671 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |timezone = EET |utc_offset = +2 |timezone_DST = EEST |utc_offset_DST = +3 |coordinates = {{coord|35|27|26|N|36|03|35|E|region:SY|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 420 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Qardaha ({{lang-ar|قرداحة}} / ALA-LC: Qardāḥah) ({{lang-fr|Cardaha}}) is a village in northwestern Syria, in the mountains overlooking the coastal town of Latakia. Nearby localities include Kilmakho to the west, Bustan al-Basha to the southwest, Harf al-Musaytirah to the southeast and Muzayraa to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Qardaha had a population of 8,671 in 2004.[2] It has a predominantly Alawite population and is the traditional home of the Assad family,[3] which has ruled Syria since 1970. President Hafez al-Assad, who ruled from 1970 to 2000, was born in Qardaha. Under Assad, the government poured massive investments into Qardaha, Latakia and the surrounding region. Qardaha has a lot of luxurious villas. Major families in Qardaha: Al-Assad, Ismaiel, Othman, Shalish, Jabbour, Hatem, Suleiman, Deeb, Makhlouf, Aslan, Jarkas. A major statue of Hafez al-Assad is found in the town center, and a huge mausoleum containing the graves of Basil al-Assad and Hafez al-Assad is also located there. Hasan al-Khayer was also born in Qardaha. Climate and geographyQardaha has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Qerdaha in mountains area, but it is not in high altitude, Its altitude is between 350 and 500 meters, And Qerdaha is in a beautiful natural area, because it has many forest around it. Qerdaha has mediterranean climate, which is a nice climate, and it has many rainfalls, Average high temperature in Town in July is 29 °C, And in January is 7 °C, With nearly 828 mm of rainfall a long year, And 3 days of snow in January. The climate and nature in Qerdaha aid to argicultur, And especially there is around it apples and oranges plantations with tobacco farms. {{Weather box | location = Qardaha | metric first = yes | single line = yes | temperature colour= pastel | Jan high C = 7 | Feb high C = 11 | Mar high C = 15 | Apr high C = 19 | May high C = 24 | Jun high C = 28 | Jul high C = 29 | Aug high C = 28 | Sep high C = 26 | Oct high C = 23 | Nov high C = 17 | Dec high C = 10 | Jan mean C = | Feb mean C = | Mar mean C = | Apr mean C = | May mean C = | Jun mean C = | Jul mean C = | Aug mean C = | Sep mean C = | Oct mean C = | Nov mean C = | Dec mean C = | Jan low C = 3 | Feb low C = 6 | Mar low C = 6 | Apr low C = 8 | May low C = 13 | Jun low C = 17 | Jul low C = 20 | Aug low C = 20 | Sep low C = 17 | Oct low C = 15 | Nov low C = 9 | Dec low C = 5 | Jan precipitation mm = 182 | Feb precipitation mm = 119 | Mar precipitation mm = 63 | Apr precipitation mm = 40 | May precipitation mm = 29 | Jun precipitation mm = 6 | Jul precipitation mm = 4 | Aug precipitation mm = 1 | Sep precipitation mm = 37 | Oct precipitation mm = 79 | Nov precipitation mm = 90 | Dec precipitation mm = 178 | unit rain days = 1 mm | Jan rain days = 16 | Feb rain days = 14 | Mar rain days = 11 | Apr rain days = 8 | May rain days = 4 | Jun rain days = 1 | Jul rain days = 1 | Aug rain days = 1 | Sep rain days = 4 | Oct rain days = 7 | Nov rain days = 11 | Dec rain days = 14 | year rain days = | unit snow days = 1 cm | Jan snow days = 3 | Feb snow days = 1 | Mar snow days = 0 | Apr snow days = 0 | May snow days = 0 | Jun snow days = 0 | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0 | Oct snow days = 0 | Nov snow days = 0 | Dec snow days = 1 | year snow days = 5 | source 1 = |source = {{citationneeded|date=June 2017}} }}Source #3 Climate Zone (Rainy and snowy days) [4] HistoryThe Aramaic meaning of Qardaha is the first village. The name of Qardaha is Phoenician and means "the place that manufactures, and sharpens the weapons". Several of the villages and places situated in the Coastal Mountain Range have names that were originally Phoenician.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} It is said among the Circassian people of Syria that the town of Qardaha was actually founded by Circassians during the time of the Mamluk sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri. Evidence for this can be seen by the large number of Circassians that live in the town and the entire Alawite Mountain region. There is even a street named Cherkess Street as well as a large family of the same name. Qardaha in the Circassian language means "Welcome".{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} The residents of Qardaha descended from the Kalbiyya tribal confederation and the town served as the confederation's principle center. During the late Ottoman era, between 1840 and 1880, tensions between the authorities and the Alawite tribes of the coastal mountains increased sharply. In 1854 the Ottoman governor of the Latakia Sanjak ("Latakia District") was killed in armed confrontation between the authorities and members of the Qardaha-based tribe. This emboldened the Kalbiyya fighters, who proceeded to launch more raids against Ottoman positions, which the authorities responded to harshly.[3] Fear of attracting the attention and subjugation of the authorities, and to avoid taxation and military conscription, was one of the reasons many of the Alawite fellahin ("peasants") who lived in the vicinity of Qardaha, opted not to establish an agglomeration of settlement. Until the present day, Qardaha is surrounded by scattered rural hamlets. The town formerly had a significant Christian population until the mid to late 20th-century, when most Christian families left for the major coastal cities.[3] In 1970 Qardaha was given city status, along with al-Shaykh Badr and Duraykish. Together they made up around 6% of the total urban population of the two coastal governorates, Latakia and Tartus. The three towns were also designated the seats of newly formed districts (mantiqah) centered around them.[3] According to French anthropologist Fabrice Balanche, the Ba'athist government which gained power in the 1960s, displayed a degree of favoritism for the three towns, all of which were Alawite, and Qardaha specifically. She particularly pointed to the fact that the subdistricts (nahiya) of al-Qadmus and Mashta al-Helu, predominantly Ismaili and Christian, respectively, were slated to become districts when each of their populations passed the 60,000 threshold, although the subdistricts of Qardaha, al-Shaykh Badr and Duraykish all had less than 40,000 inhabitants.[3] {{anchor|civilwar}}In early October 2012 during the Syrian civil war, Mohammad Assad, cousin of President Bashar Assad and leader of the local Shabiha, was wounded after a gunfight in the town with member of the rival Alawite Khayyir clan. This was sparked by a discussion about the earlier detention at Damascus airport of Abdel-Aziz Khayyer, a Qardaha native and member of the latter clan.[5] On 24 April 2013, the village was attacked with a barrage of rockets launched by rebels.[6] In early August 2013 in a surprise offensive, rebel fighters advanced south to the outskirts of the village of Aramo, 20 km. (12 miles) from Qardaha. One of the attackers stated "The objective is to reach Qardaha and hurt them like they are hurting us."[7]References1. ^ {{Cities of Syria}}{{Latakia Governorate|qardaha}}2. ^[https://archive.is/20121221014214/http://www.cbssyr.org/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB06-19-2004.htm General Census of Population and Housing 2004]. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Latakia Governorate. {{ar icon}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|first=Fabrice|last=Balanche|title=La région alaouite et le pouvoir syrien|url=http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/06/30/97/PDF/Les_Alaouites_l_espace_et_le_pouvoir.pdf|publisher=Karthala Editions|year=2006|isbn=2845868189|language=French}} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.climate-zone.com/climate/algeria/fahrenheit/constantine.htm |title= Climate |publisher= Climate Zone |accessdate= 25 February 2013}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Tension spreads to Assad’s hometown|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Oct-04/190093-tension-spreads-to-assads-hometown.ashx#axzz2ltEUh3WA|author=Marlin Dick|publisher=Daily Star|date=4 October 2012|accessdate=29 November 2013}} 6. ^[https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21576716-syrian-catastrophe-gets-even-more-horrific-yet-another-massacre Syria's civil war: Yet another massacre] 7. ^{{cite news|title=Syrian rebels push into Assad's Alawite mountain stronghold|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2013/08/05/syria-crisis-mountain-idINDEE9740GI20130805|author=Khaled Yacoub Oweis|publisher=Reuters|date=6 August 2013|accessdate=29 November 2013}} 2 : Populated places in Qardaha District|Alawite communities in Syria |
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