| 词条 | QF 15-pounder gun | |||||
| 释义 |
| name = Ordnance QF 15-pounder Mk I | image = QF15pdrMkILeftSideView1901.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = QF 15-pounder Mk I with standard British wooden wheels, original axle-tree seats and no shield | origin = German Empire | type = Light field gun | is_artillery = yes | is_ranged = yes | is_bladed = | is_explosive = yes | is_UK = yes | service = 1901–1916 | used_by = United Kingdom | wars = World War I | designer = Heinrich Ehrhardt | design_date = | manufacturer = Rheinische Metallwaren und Maschinenfabrik | unit_cost = | production_date = | number = 108[1] | variants = | spec_label = | weight = Barrel & breech {{convert|737|lb|kg|abbr=on}}; Total {{convert|2272|lb|kg|abbr=on}}[2] | length = | part_length = Bore {{convert|7|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}; Total {{convert|7|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}[2] | width = | height = | diameter = | crew = 10[2] | cartridge = Separate loading QF. Shrapnel, {{convert|14|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | caliber = {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on|adj=on}} | action = | rate = 20 rds/min[3] | velocity = {{convert|1674|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}?[4] | max_range = {{convert|7000|yd|m|abbr=on}}? (percussion fuze) {{convert|6600|yd|m|abbr=on}} (time fuze)[5] | feed = | sights = | breech = single motion, tapered block with interrupted collars | recoil = Hydro-spring, constant, {{convert|48|in|m|abbr=on}}[2] | carriage = wheeled, pole trail | elevation = -5° - 16° | traverse = 3° L & R | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = }} The Ordnance QF 15-pounder gun,[6] commonly referred to as the Ehrhardt, was a modern German field gun purchased by Britain in 1900 as a stopgap measure to upgrade its field artillery to modern QF standards, while it developed its own alternative. This was precipitated by the experience of the British Army in South Africa during the Boer War, where its standard field gun, the BL 15-pounder, was out-performed by modern French and German field guns deployed by the Boers. It bore no relation to the BL 15-pounder or BLC 15-pounder, two other guns in British service at the time, other than a common shell. HistoryThe gun as originally designed and supplied to Britain had a sprung telescoping trail to assist with recoil control, all-steel wheels, axle-tree seats and no shield. The British found the trail unsatisfactory in service, so they permanently pinned it in the closed position. The British also immediately replaced the original all-steel wheels with standard British wooden spoked wheels. It replaced the obsolete BL 12-pounder 6 cwt gun in Royal Horse Artillery service until the QF 13-pounder became available from 1904. When the Territorial Force was formed in 1908 the guns were assigned to its cavalry units, known as Yeomanry. The axle-tree seats were removed as unnecessary because the gunners rode horses, and gun shields were added. The modified carriage was designated Mk I+.[7] This gun is the "15-pounder" to which writers are referring in World War I if they are referring to RHA batteries of the Territorial Force, or Yeomanry. The other "15-pounder", the BLC 15-pounder, was an unrelated gun used by field artillery batteries of the Territorial Force, although it was also issued to some second line RHA batteries raised in 1914.[8] Combat serviceThe gun was used by Royal Horse Artillery batteries of Territorial Force cavalry units (Yeomanry) early in World War I, most notably in the campaign in Egypt against the Senussi by 1/A Battery, Honourable Artillery Company and the 1/1st Nottinghamshire Royal Horse Artillery.[9] B Battery, Honourable Artillery Company and Berkshire RHA were in action with these guns in the recapture of Sheikh Othman (key to the water supply to Aden) from the Turks on 20 July 1915, part of the Aden campaign.[10]From 1916 the QF 15-pounder was replaced by the modern 13-pounders and 18-pounders. {{clear left}}Ammunition54,000 complete rounds (i.e. shell, fuze, cartridge) of German design and manufacture were originally supplied with the guns.[11] These were replaced by British manufactures when used up. The following diagrams show British-made ammunition available in World War I.
See also
Notes1. ^This is the number purchased by Britain. 2. ^1 2 3 Hogg & Thurston 1972, Page 73 3. ^Hall 1973 4. ^Hall quotes. Hogg & Thurston quote. As the British initially used German ammunition and later their own, performance may have differed with ammunition 5. ^Hall quotes 7000 yds maximum with percussion fuze and 6600 yds with time fuze, apparently referring to Boer War use. Hogg & Thurston quote {{convert|6400|yd|m|abbr=on}} for World War I. As the British initially used German ammunition and later their own, performance may have differed with ammunition 6. ^Britain traditionally denoted smaller ordnance by the maximum weight of the gun's projectile. This gun was assessed as capable of firing a projectile with a maximum weight of {{convert|15|lb|kg}}, although in fact its projectiles in use weighed {{convert|14|lb|kg}}. 7. ^Hogg & Thurston 1972, Page 72 8. ^Becke, A.F. (1945). History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions: Territorial Force & Mounted Divisions Pt. 2A. London HMSO. 9. ^Farndale 1988, Page 61-67 10. ^Farndale 1988, Page 357 11. ^Clarke 2004, Page 23 ReferencesBibliography
External links{{Commons category|QF 15 pounder Gun}}
5 : Field guns|World War I artillery of the United Kingdom|World War I guns|76 mm artillery|Rheinmetall |
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