| 词条 | QF 2.95-inch mountain gun | ||||||
| 释义 |
| name = QF 2.95-inch mountain gun | image = QF2.95inchMountainGun.jpg | image_size = 300 | caption = British QF 2.95-inch mountain gun, Cameroons and Togoland campaign, WWI | origin = United Kingdom | type = Mountain gun | is_ranged = yes | is_artillery = yes | is_explosive = yes | is_UK = yes | service = 1897 – World War II | used_by = British Empire United States Philippine Commonwealth | wars = World War I, World War II | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = Vickers | unit_cost = | production_date = | number = | variants = | weight = {{cvt|236|lb|abbr=on}} gun {{cvt|830|lb|abbr=on}} total | length = | part_length = {{cvt|31.6|in|abbr=on}} bore; {{cvt|35.85|in|m|abbr=on}} total[1] | width = {{cvt|32|in|abbr=on}} | height = {{cvt|26|in|abbr=on}}, barrel axis 36 inches, wheel | crew = | caliber = {{convert|75|mm|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} | cartridge = Fixed QF round. 12.5 lb Common shell; 18 lb Double common shell; 12.5 lb Shrapnel | action = | rate = 14 rounds per minute[1] | velocity = {{convert|920|ft/s|abbr=on}}[1] | range = | max_range = {{convert|4825|yd|m|abbr=on}}[2] | feed = | sights = | breech = | recoil = {{convert|14|in|mm|abbr=on}}; short recoil hydro-spring | carriage = Wheeled, box trail, assembly | elevation = -10° - 27°[3] | traverse = 0° | diameter = | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = }} The QF 2.95-inch mountain gun was the designation given by the British to a Vickers 75 mm calibre gun. It was originally produced for the Egyptian Army. It was taken into British service in the late 19th Century to provide the 'movable armament' at some coaling stations. Also known as 'The Millimetre Gun',[6] it was used by the West African Frontier Force in several theatres in Africa during World War I. It was also used by United States and Philippines. Service historyThe weapon could be broken down and carried by 4 horses or mules, or in British use in Africa by men. British serviceThe weapon was not adopted by the British Army or the Indian Army, which used the BL 10 pounder Mountain Gun and later the BL 2.75-inch Mountain Gun, but it was used from 1901 by the defence forces of some British African colonies as part of the Royal West African Frontier Force (WAFF). The officers and most NCOs were British, and the gunners, gun carriers and some NCOs were African. As part of the British Empire these units became part of the British war effort in World War I. Thirty guns were originally supplied to West Africa (Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and Nigeria).[7] Guns involved in the West Africa campaign were used by the Sierra Leone Company Royal Garrison Artillery (6 guns), Gold Coast Battery WAFF (6 guns), 1st and 2nd Nigerian Battery WAFF (6 guns each).[8] Guns of the Gold Coast Battery fired the first British Empire artillery rounds of World War I, in the attack on Khra in Togoland on 22 August 1914.[9] The gun was also used in the East Africa campaign, originally a section of the Gold Coast Battery, and from December 1916 the 1st Nigerian Battery.[10] In one action, Corporal Awudo Kano and five Nigerian gunners stayed by their gun during the British attack near Melong in Kamerun, 4 March 1915. Their officer was wounded and the infantry forced to retire, but though isolated they refused to abandon the officer or their guns, and continued firing until relieved.[11] US serviceThe US purchased 12 guns in 1899 and used them in the Philippine-American War (otherwise known as the Philippine Insurrection). By 30 June 1904 another 120 guns were purchased. Carriages and pack saddles were manufactured at Watertown and Rock Island. It was also used in World War II by US and Philippine forces defending against the Japanese invasion.[3] Approximately 50 were issued to the Filipino Army artillery regiments. The US Army Philippine Division had one battalion of the 23rd Artillery (Philippine Scouts) equipped with the 2.95 in mountain gun.[12][13] AmmunitionBritish ammunitionThe British "Treatise on Ammunition" of 1915 stated that available rounds were Shrapnel (203 bullets), Case shot (330 bullets), Star shell and the Double common shell of 18 lb (exploding charge of 14 oz "P" mixture – gunpowder).[14]
US ammunitionAccording to the US manual of 1916 the {{convert|18|lb|abbr=on}} "Double explosive" shell was no longer in US use.
GallerySee also
Surviving examples
Notes and references1. ^14 rounds per minute is the figure given by Vickers. Quoted in Brassey's Naval Annual 1901 2. ^Clarke 2004 3. ^1 2 3 Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 46 4. ^1 US Army Handbook, 1916 5. ^Hogg & Thurston 1972, page 239. They quote 16 lb weight for the shrapnel shell on page 239, this is assumed to be a misprint as they quote 12.5 lb on page 46 6. ^Headlam 1934, page 104 7. ^Farndale 1988, page 293 8. ^Farndale 1988, page 291 9. ^Farndale 1988, page 290 10. ^Farndale 1988, page 338-339 11. ^Farndale 1988, page 299 12. ^The Fall of the Philippines – U. S. Army in World War II, p. 21. 13. ^{{cite book |last1=Stanton |first1=Shelby L. |title=World War II Order of Battle |pages=186–187, 371 |publisher=Galahad Books |location=New York |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-88365-775-1}} 14. ^Treatise on Ammunition. 10th Edition, 1915. War Office, UK. Page 415-419 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ordmusfound.org/ |title=Army Ordnance Museum |publisher=Ordmusfound.org |accessdate=3 June 2014}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.palmerstonforts.org.uk/pav1/mountaingun.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=12 July 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106054152/http://www.palmerstonforts.org.uk/pav1/mountaingun.htm |archivedate=6 January 2009}} Bibliography
Further reading
External links{{Commons category|QF 2.95 inch Mountain Gun}}
8 : Artillery of the United States|World War I artillery of the United States|World War I artillery of the United Kingdom|Mountain artillery|World War I mountain artillery|75 mm artillery|Vickers|Weapons of the Philippine Army |
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