| 词条 | Edgecumbe |
| 释义 |
| name = Edgecumbe | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Minor urban area | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | etymology = | nickname = | pushpin_map = North Island | pushpin_map_caption = Edgecumbe's location within the North Island | coordinates = {{coord|37|58.5|S|176|49.5|E|region:NZ-BOP|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = New Zealand | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Bay of Plenty | subdivision_type2 = Territorial authority | subdivision_name2 = Whakatane District | subdivision_type3 = Ward | subdivision_name3 = Rangitāiki | population_as_of = {{NZ population data|||y}} | population_footnotes = {{NZ population data||||y}} | population_total = {{NZ population data||y}} | postal_code_type = Postcode(s) | postal_code = 3120 | website = }} Edgecumbe is a town in the Bay of Plenty of the North Island of New Zealand, 15 kilometres to the west of Whakatane and eight kilometres south of the Bay's coast. It is the main service town for the agricultural region surrounding the plains of the Rangitaiki River, which flows through the town. It had a population of 1626 in the 2006 New Zealand Census[1] but it has since increased to 1,638 as of the 2013 Census.[2] State Highway 2 and the Taneatua Branch railway line (disused) pass through the town. HistoryThe town is named after the small village of Edgecumbe in Cornwall, United Kingdom, between Penryn and Helston. Edgecumbe was linked with Tauranga and Auckland by rail, with the opening of the East Coast Main Trunk Railway and Taneatua Express in 1928. In 1987, a large earthquake centered on Edgecumbe shook the Bay of Plenty, causing widespread damage and causing much of the population to leave Edgecumbe. In July 2004, May 2005 and April 2017, the town experienced heavy flooding that ruined many homes.[3] In the 2005 flood, the river swelled to within 5 cm of breaching the flood banks that had been put in place seven years prior. 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake{{main|1987 Edgecumbe earthquake}}The earthquake was a major turning point in the history of Edgecumbe. It measured 6.3 on the Richter magnitude scale and struck the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand on 2 March 1987, just after 1.42 pm. The earthquake was very shallow, being centred approximately 8 km from the Earth's surface. The earthquake was one of the most damaging New Zealand's North Island has experienced in recent decades, with approximately 50% of the houses in Edgecumbe being damaged by the quake. There was extensive damage to a local milk factory, with large storage tanks toppled. Kawerau was another nearby town that suffered damage and Whakatane was also badly shaken. An 80-tonne New Zealand Railways DC class locomotive was thrown onto its side. The earthquake caused no fatalities.[4][5][6] However, one person died at the time as a result of a heart attack, possibly due to the quake.[7] A foreshock just minutes before had cut the power supply and many people had moved away from heavy machinery and out of their houses. The largest aftershock was measured at 5.2 and struck at 1.52 pm. A crack {{convert|7|km|mi}} long opened in the Rangitaiki Plains near Edgecumbe, as a result of the earthquake. It is now known as the 'Edgecumbe Fault'. At one point, the land close to the fault dropped {{convert|2|m|ft}}. The epicentre of the quake was approximately {{convert|2.24|km|mi}} south-south-east of the town of Matata, or {{convert|15|km|mi}} north-north-west of Edgecumbe. The intense ground-shaking caused by the earthquake led to a large number of ground surface failures, including sand boils, ridge-top shatters and debris avalanches on steeper slopes.[8] Because of the earthquake, many people left and therefore Edgecumbe's population dropped considerably. Edgecumbe is slowly recovering as it has increased by 21 in the years 2006 to 2013, possibly due to many kiwifruit orchards being affected by PSA. 2017 Edgecumbe floodIn April 2017, remnants of Cyclone Debbie caused heavy rainfall in the region. At 8:30 am on April 6, water from the Rangitaiki River breached a stopbank next to Edgecumbe, causing widespread flooding across the township.[9] A state of emergency was declared for the Whakatane District, and around 2000 people were evacuated to Kawerau and Whakatane.[9][10] More than 300 homes were damaged, with some becoming uninhabitable. [11] The largest animal rescue in New Zealand history was recorded during the aftermath of the flood. Approximately 1000 animals were rescued by an SPCA led operation, with support from local civil defence rescue teams and veterinarians from Massey University. The event highlighted a significant gap in animal welfare emergency management capability in New Zealand.[12] GeographyEdgecumbe is located inland from the coast on the end of the fertile Rangitaiki Plains. The nearby beach is part of Maketu. The volcanic cone of Mount Edgecumbe, 15 kilometres to the south and close to the town of Kawerau, is visible from Edgecumbe. AttractionsFonterra Dairy FactoryEstablished in 1915, the Edgecumbe Dairy Factory is one of the oldest dairy factories still running in New Zealand.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} The factory employs 358 people, accounting for roughly 1/5 of Edgecumbe's total population.[13] Edgecumbe CollegeEdgecumbe College is located at 100 College Rd, Edgecumbe.[14]Clubs and organisationsThe Association Football Club Plains Rangers AFC[15] is based at the Edgecumbe Domain, along with rugby and hockey. The Edgecumbe Volunteer Fire Brigade[16] is located on SH2 and services the township and surrounding area. Edgecumbe has a long-established rugby football club.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Kartsport has its Eastern Bay of Plenty track at Edgecumbe.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Notable people
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/AboutAPlace/SnapShot.aspx?id=3542200&tab=&ParentID=&type=&p=y&printall=true |title=QuickStats About Edgecumbe |publisher=Stats.govt.nz |date= |accessdate=20 June 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/newzealand-northisland.php |title=North Island (New Zealand): Regions & Settlements – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts |publisher=Citypopulation.de |date= |accessdate=20 June 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whakatane.govt.nz/Services/DisasterMitigationProjects/ |title=Disaster Mitigation Projects |publisher=Whakatane District Council |accessdate=28 July 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627181535/http://www.whakatane.govt.nz/Services/DisasterMitigationProjects |archivedate=27 June 2009 }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/11|first=Eileen|last=McSaveney|title=Historic earthquakes – The 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake|work=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand|date=1 December 2010|accessdate=13 February 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110107120335/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/11| archivedate= 7 January 2011 | deadurl= no}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=1987 Edgecumbe earthquake|url=http://www.eqc.govt.nz/downloads/pdfs/newsletters/Rumblings-19-july.pdf|work=Rumblings Issue 19|publisher=Earthquake Commission|date=July 2009|accessdate=13 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102105205/http://eqc.govt.nz/downloads/pdfs/newsletters/Rumblings-19-july.pdf|archivedate=2 January 2011|deadurl=yes|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=M 6.5, Edgecumbe, March 2, 1987|url=http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/top-nz/quake-10.html|work=GeoNet|accessdate=13 February 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305104013/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/historic-earthquakes/top-nz/quake-10.html|archivedate=5 March 2011|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Earthquake: Edgecumbe|url=http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/Kids/NZDisasters/Edgecumbe.asp|publisher=Christchurch City Libraries|accessdate=13 February 2011}} 8. ^{{cite journal |last = Franks |first = C.A.M. |year = 1988 |title = Engineering geological aspects of the Edgecumbe, New Zealand earthquake of 2 March 1987 |journal = Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology |volume = 21 |issue = 4 |pages = 337–345 |doi = 10.1144/GSL.QJEG.1988.021.04.06}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11832903 |title=Edgecumbe evacuates as water swamps the town - National - NZ Herald News |publisher=Nzherald.co.nz |date=2017-04-06 |accessdate=2017-04-08}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sunlive.co.nz/news/151270-state-of-emergency-declared.html |title=State of emergency declared |publisher=SunLive |date=2017-04-06 |accessdate=2018-07-05}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12022736 |title=Edgecumbe flood anniversary: A year of highs and lows |publisher=Nzherald.co.nz |date=2018-03-31 |accessdate=2018-07-05}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE28637206|title=SPCA Rescue: Operation Edgecumbe 2017 After Action Report|last=Glassey|first=Steve|date=28 October 2017|website=|publisher=Wellington SPCA|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=28 October 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fonterra.com/global/en/about/our+locations/newzealand/edgecumbe |title=Edgecumbe |publisher=Fonterra |date= |accessdate=20 June 2015}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.edgecumbecollege.school.nz/conatct|title=Edgecumbe College – Contact|last=|first=|date=|website=Edgecumbe College|access-date=2017-04-08}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/nzbazza/|title=Gary Fowell Builders Plains Rangers A.F.C.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026214053/http://geocities.com/nzbazza/|archivedate=26 October 2009}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.freewebs.com/edgecumbefirebrigade/ |title=Home – Edgecumbe Fire Brigade |publisher=Freewebs.com |date= |accessdate=20 June 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611004842/http://www.freewebs.com/edgecumbefirebrigade/ |archivedate=11 June 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 2 : Whakatane District|Populated places in the Bay of Plenty Region |
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