| 词条 | Quaternary carbon | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
A quaternary carbon is a carbon atom bound to four other carbon atoms.[1] For this reason, quaternary carbon atoms are found only in hydrocarbons having at least five carbon atoms. Quaternary carbon atoms can occur in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes.[2]
SynthesisThe formation of chiral quaternary carbon centers has been a synthetic challenge. Chemists have developed asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions,[3] Heck reaction, Enyne cyclization, cycloaddition reactions,[4] C–H activation, Allylic substitution, [5] Pauson-Khand reaction, [6] etc. to construct asymmetric quaternary carbons. References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=Janice Gorzynski|title=Organic chemistry |date=2011 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-07-337562-5 |page=116 |edition=3rd |url=http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/007340277x/student_view0/index.html |language=en |format=Book |chapter=Chapter 4 Alkanes}} 2. ^{{citation|surname1=Hans Peter Latscha, Uli Kazmaier, Helmut Alfons Klein|title=Organische Chemie: Chemie-Basiswissen II|edition=7. Auflage|publisher=Springer Spektrum|publication-place=Berlin|page=40|isbn=978-3-662-46180-8|date=2016|language=German}} 3. ^ Nicolaou, K. C.; Vassilikogiannakis, G.; Mägerlein, W.; Kranich, R Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Volume 2001, Issue 40 , Pages 2482-2486 {{DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010702)40:13<2482::AID-ANIE2482>3.0.CO;2-A}} 4. ^ Quasdorf, K.W.; Overman, L. E. Nature Volume 2014, Volume 516 , Pages 181 {{doi:10.1038/nature14007}} 5. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=Feng C, Kobayashi Y |title= Allylic Substitution for Construction of a Chiral Quaternary Carbon Possessing an Aryl Group|journal= J. Org. Chem.|year= 2013|doi=10.1021/jo400248y}} 6. ^ Ishizaki, M.; Niimi, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hara, H.; Takahashi, T. Tetrahedron Volume 2001, Issue 61 , Pages 4053-4065 2 : Chemical nomenclature|Organic chemistry |
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