| 词条 | RAAD (anti-tank guided missile) |
| 释义 |
|name=RAAD |image= |caption= |origin=Iran |type= Anti-tank missile |is_ranged= |is_explosive=yes |is_vehicle= |is_missile=yes |service= 1988–present |used_by= See Operators |wars= 2006 Lebanon War Syrian Civil War Iraqi Civil War |designer=KBM |design_date= |manufacturer= Parchin Missile Industries[1] |unit_cost= |production_date= |number= thousands[2] |variants= RAAD, I-RAAD, RAAD-T, I-RAAD-T |spec_label= |weight= 10.9 kg (RAAD/I-RAAD) 23 kg (guidance System) |length= 83 cm (RAAD/I-RAAD) 98 cm (RAAD-T/I-RAAD-T) |rate= 2 missiles/minute[2] |range= 400–3,000 m[2] |sights= license-built 9S415 guidance unit (MCLOS) or SACLOS guidance |filling=HEAT |yield=400 mm RHA (I-RAAD-T) |speed= 120 m/s |guidance=MCLOS or SACLOS }} The Raad ({{lang-fa| رعد}}, "thunder") or RAAD is an Iranian wire-guided anti-tank guided missile based on the Soviet 9M14M Malyutka (AT-3b Sagger) missile.[5] The Raad began mass production in 1988 and was publicly unveiled in 1997. It is manufactured by Parchin Missile Industries, a subsidiary of Iran's Defense Industries Organization. The Raad family comes in four variants: the base RAAD missile, a clone of the 9M14M Malyutka-M (AT-3b Sagger); the I-RAAD, with SACLOS guidance, the RAAD-T, with a tandem warhead, and the I-RAAD-T, with both a tandem warhead and SACLOS guidance. The I-RAAD-T version is the most modern in the family and the most widely exported.[3] The Raad is one of a number of anti-tank guided missiles assembled in Iran, along with the Toophan (TOW copy), the Towsan-1 (AT-5B copy), the Dehlaviyeh (AT-14 copy), and the Saegheh (M47 Dragon copy). With only 400mm RHA penetration for the I-RAAD-T variant, the RAAD is obsolete against modern or older battle tanks and is largely used by second-line units or against soft targets.[4] The Raad has been exported to militias in Iraq, Lebanon and Syria and has been used in the 2006 Lebanon War and the Iraqi and Syrian civil wars. NameRAAD means thunder in Persian. It is not an acronym and many sources do not capitalize the name. It is not to be confused with several other Iranian weapons also named Raad, such as the Raad-1, the Raad-2, Iran's Ra'ad anti ship missile or Pakistan's Ra'ad cruise missile. HistoryDuring the Iran-Iraq War, Iran had an acute need for anti-tank missiles, necessitating the country to buy AT-3 Sagger missiles.[5] Indigenous manufacturing work began in the tail end of the war[6] and mass production began in 1998,[7][11] with the Raad being the first anti-tank guided weapon to be built by Iran.[5] The weapon was unveiled on April 30, 1997.[8] The RAAD has almost identical components with 9M14 Malyutka, from the battery to the guidance unit.[9] The Raad is built under license.[4] According to SIPRI, 1500 RAAD/Sagger missiles were built or imported by Iran between 1996 and 2001[10] and 2,250 from 1996 to 2004.[11] According to Iranian military expert Galen Wright, about 6000 Raad/Sagger missiles were built or imported as of 2011.[4] Combat useIran supplied Hezbollah with the Raad in the early 2000s and Hezbollah used Raad missiles in the 2006 Lebanon War.[12] Israel captured ten baseline RAAD missiles on the Karine A in January 2002.[13] The Raad has been used in the Syrian Civil War by Hezbollah and pro-regime forces.[14] It is unclear if RAAD missiles were supplied to the regime before or during the war.[3] Some missiles have been captured by rebel forces as well.[15][16] I-RAAD-T missiles have been used in the Iraqi Civil War.[17] VariantsRAADThe RAAD is an identical copy of the Russian 9M14M Malyutka-M (NATO AT-3b "Sagger").[5] RAAD-TThe first improvement of the RAAD missile, the RAAD-T has a tandem warhead to defeat explosive Reactive Armor. However, the RAAD-T still uses the obsolete MCLOS guidance of the original RAAD.[4][6] According to its export material, the RAAD-T has improved maneuverability over the base RAAD[2] and has 400 mm RHA penetration after reactive armor.[18] I-RAADFor Improved RAAD, the I-RAAD has a different launcher with a tripod-mounted SACLOS guidance system that makes the missile much easier to aim.[5] The specific SACLOS method is a TV differential tracker.[5] The guidance unit is similar to that of the Chinese HJ-73 system,[5] and possibly the HJ-73C model in particular.[19] First seen in 1998.[9] In addition, up to four missiles can be linked to one I-RAAD launcher unit; it is considered a significant improvement.[4] RAAD missiles can be used by I-RAAD launchers.[5] I-RAAD-TThe I-RAAD-T system combines the tandem-warhead of the RAAD-T missile with the SACLOS guidance system of the I-RAAD launcher.[5] RAAD and I-RAAD missiles can be retrofitted to the I-RAAD-T standard.[2] The I-RAAD-T also includes a simulator that allows operators to be trained on the system without actually firing a missile.[5] 400 mm RHA penetration after reactive armor.[2] Operators
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/parchin.htm|title=Parchin|date=2008-10-15|accessdate=2009-01-12}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 Parchin Missile Industries, I-RAAD-T brochure 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://misterxanlisis.wordpress.com/2016/03/16/tipos-de-misiles-guiados-contra-carro-anti-tanque-en-siria-capitulo-1-1/|title=Tipos de misiles guiados antitanque en Siria (Capítulo/serie 2.1)|date=16 March 2016|publisher=|first=Yago|last=Rodríguez}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Galen Wright, Iranian Military Capability 2011 - Ground Forces - March 15th 2011 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery-Upgrades/AIO-Raad-Anti-Tank-Guided-Weapon-Iran.html|title=AIO Raad Anti-Tank Guided Weapon (Iran), Vehicle-mounted anti-tank guided weapons|accessdate=2009-01-19|publisher=Jane's Information Group|date=2008-07-02|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227153218/http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Armour-and-Artillery-Upgrades/AIO-Raad-Anti-Tank-Guided-Weapon-Iran.html|archivedate=2009-02-27|df=}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://hamshahrionline.ir/details/177687|title=آشنایی با موشکهای ضد زره ایران|website=hamshahrionline.ir}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dia.mil/FOIA/FOIA-Electronic-Reading-Room/FOIA-Reading-Room-Iran/FileId/89383/|title=Arms Deliveries to Iran and Self-Sufficiency|date=24 February 1988|publisher=Defense Intelligence Agency}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Iran/Missile/1788_1812.html |title=Missile Chronology, 1997 |publisher=Nuclear Threat Initiative |date=February 2006 |accessdate=2009-01-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227085456/http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/Iran/Missile/1788_1812.html |archivedate=February 27, 2009 }} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jiw/jiw_0753.html |title=RAAD series anti-tank weapon systems (Iran), Anti-tank weapons |publisher=Jane's Information Group |accessdate=2009-02-20 |date=2008-12-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227153222/http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jiw/jiw_0753.html |archivedate=February 27, 2009 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.waronline.org/mideast/iran_industry.htm|script-title=ru:Ракетная промышленность, Военная промышленность Ирана|accessdate=2009-01-12|date=2002-12-19|language=Russian|publisher=War Online|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030204053719/http://www.waronline.org/mideast/iran_industry.htm|archivedate=2003-02-04|df=}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/REG_IMP_IRA_94-04.pdf|title=Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons: Imports sorted by recipient. Deals with deliveries or orders made 1994-2004|accessdate=2009-02-21|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111064638/http://www.sipri.org/contents/armstrad/REG_IMP_IRA_94-04.pdf|archivedate=2006-01-11|df=}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ocnus.net/cgi-bin/exec/view.cgi?archive=100&num=25670&printer=1|title=Arab States Eye Better Spec Ops, Missiles|author=Riad Kahwaji|accessdate=2009-01-12|date=2006-08-20|publisher=Ocnus.Net|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227154112/http://www.ocnus.net/cgi-bin/exec/view.cgi?archive=100&num=25670&printer=1|archivedate=2009-02-27|df=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.waronline.org/en/analysis/pal_weapons.htm|title=Weapons Found on 'Karine-A' and 'Santorini'|accessdate=2009-02-20|date=2002-07-20|author=Kirill & Oleg Granovsky|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030210174102/http://www.waronline.org/en/analysis/pal_weapons.htm|archivedate=2003-02-10|df=}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Mansourtalk/status/933398100617629696|title=Mohamed Mansour محمد منصور on Twitter|publisher=}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@badly_xeroxed/common-atgms-in-the-syrian-civil-war-6395ea4305ec|title=Common ATGMs in the Syrian Civil War|first=Cody|last=Roche|date=17 August 2016|publisher=}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/green_lemonnn/status/771119805093011456|title=Green lemon on Twitter|publisher=}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/klkamashiq/status/912647697961758720|title=KLKAMASH on Twitter|publisher=}} 18. ^Terrorism: Documents of International and Local Control, Volume 92. Oceana Publications, 2008. p. 211 19. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://imp-navigator.livejournal.com/178035.html|title=Легкое противотанковое вооружение Ирана. Часть 1|first=Юрий|last=Лямин|date=5 October 2012|publisher=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Mansourtalk/status/892426321418125312|title=Mohamed Mansour محمد منصور on Twitter|publisher=}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Arkenstoneblog/status/892614268419317760|author=Galen Wright|title=Moderately confident picture shows the Raad-T. |publisher=}} 2 : Anti-tank missiles of Iran|Hezbollah rocket systems |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。