| 词条 | Rabi' al-awwal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Rabīʿ al-Awwal ({{lang|ar|ربيع الأوّل}}) is the third month in the Islamic calendar. During this month, many Muslims celebrate Mawlid - the birthday of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Although the exact date is unknown,[1][2] Sunni Muslims believe the date of birth of Muhammad to have been on the twelfth of this month, whereas Shi'a Muslims believe him to have been born on the dawn of the seventeenth day. Muhammad himself never celebrated the mawlid, instead encouraged Muslims to fast on Mondays of every week due to his birthday being “on a Monday”. The name Rabī‘ al-awwal means the first [month] or beginning of spring, referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar. MeaningThe word "Rabi" means "spring" and Al-awwal means "the first" in Arabic language, so "Rabi' al-awwal" means "The first spring" in Arabic language. The names seems to have to do with the celebration events in the month as "spring" is the end to winter (symbol of sadness) and consequently the start of happiness. The Arabic calendar being lunar calendar, the month is naturally rotating over years and Rabī‘ al-awwal can be in spring or any other season every now and then, so the meaning can not be related to the actual season.[3] Celebrations{{main|Mawlid}}Although historians and scholars disagree on the exact date of Muhammad's birth,[4] it is commonly celebrated on 12th or 17th of Rabi' al-awwal. The celebration of the Mawlid is done differently depending on the country. In some areas celebrations begin as early as the first of the month and can continue till the end of the month. Muslims generally put coloured lights on roads, streets, and their homes and put green flags as well to celebrate. In many countries a procession is also conducted on 12th or 17th of Rabi' al-awwal night and day. On these occasions sweets and drinks are also distributed widely from home to home and to the general public. In some areas Muslims also exchange gifts. It is the month of blessings. TimingThe Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar, and months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar calendar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the solar year, Rabī‘ al-Awwal migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Rabī‘ al-Awwal are as follows (based on the Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia[5]):
Islamic events
Other events:
HadithIn Islamic eschatology:
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Annemarie Schimmel|authorlink1=Annemarie Schimmel|title=Deciphering the signs of God: a phenomenological approach to Islam|date=1994|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|page=69|edition=illustrated}} 2. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Eliade|editor1-first=Mircea|editor1-link=Mircea Eliade|title=The Encyclopedia of religion, Volume 9|date=1987|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9780029098004|page=292|edition=illustrated}} 3. ^َAl-Monjed dictionary and encyclopedia - the word Rabi' al-awwal 4. ^What is the Authentic Date of Birth and Death of Prophet Muhammad? 5. ^Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Iranian Revolutionary Guards|first1=Institute of Islamic Studies|title=Days on viewpoint of Imam Khomeini|publisher=Islamic research center|location=Tehran|page=176|url=http://www.noorlib.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/5788}} 7. ^Al-Haakim, Naim ibn Hammad, Kitab Al-Fitan External links
2 : Months of the Islamic calendar|Islamic terminology |
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