词条 | Edmund Landau |
释义 |
|name = Edmund Landau |image = Edmund Landau.jpg |image_size = 200px |caption = |birth_name=Edmund Georg Hermann Landau |birth_date = {{birth date|1877|2|14|df=y}} |birth_place = Berlin, Germany |death_date = {{death date and age|1938|2|19|1877|2|1|df=y}} |death_place = Berlin, Germany |nationality = German |fields = Number theory Complex analysis |workplaces = University of Berlin University of Göttingen Hebrew University of Jerusalem |alma_mater = University of Berlin |doctoral_advisor = Georg Frobenius Lazarus Fuchs |doctoral_students = Binyamin Amirà Paul Bernays Harald Bohr Gustav Doetsch Hans Heilbronn Dunham Jackson Erich Kamke Aubrey Kempner Alexander Ostrowski Carl Ludwig Siegel Arnold Walfisz Vojtěch Jarník |known_for = Distribution of prime numbers Landau prime ideal theorem |awards = |religion = Jewish |spouse=Marianne Ehrlich }} Edmund Georg Hermann Landau (14 February 1877 – 19 February 1938) was a German mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory and complex analysis. BiographyEdmund Landau was born to a Jewish family in Berlin. His father was Leopold Landau, a gynecologist and his mother was Johanna Jacoby. Landau studied mathematics at the University of Berlin, receiving his doctorate in 1899 and his habilitation (the post-doctoral qualification required in German universities) in 1901. His doctoral thesis was 14 pages long. He taught at the University of Berlin from 1899 to 1909, after which he held a chair at the University of Göttingen. He married Marianne Ehrlich, the daughter of the Nobel Prize-winning biologist Paul Ehrlich, in 1905. At the 1912 International Congress of Mathematicians Landau listed four problems in number theory about primes that he said were particularly hard using current mathematical methods. They remain unsolved to this day and are now known as Landau's problems. During the 1920s, Landau was instrumental in establishing the Mathematics Institute at the nascent Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Intent on eventually settling in Jerusalem, he taught himself Hebrew and delivered a lecture entitled Solved and unsolved problems in elementary number theory in Hebrew on 2 April 1925 during the University's groundbreaking ceremonies. He negotiated with the University's president, Judah Magnes, regarding a position at the University and the building that was to house the Mathematics Institute. Landau and his family emigrated to Palestine in 1927 and he began teaching at the Hebrew University. The family had difficulty adjusting to the primitive living standards then available in Jerusalem. In addition, Landau became a pawn in a struggle for control of the University between Magnes and Chaim Weizmann and Albert Einstein. Magnes suggested that Landau be appointed Rector of the University, but Einstein and Weizmann supported Selig Brodetsky. Landau was disgusted by the dispute and decided to return to Göttingen, remaining there until he was forced out by the Nazi regime after the Machtergreifung in 1933. Thereafter, he lectured only outside Germany. He moved to Berlin in 1934, where he died in early 1938 of natural causes. In 1903, Landau gave a much simpler proof than was then known of the prime number theorem and later presented the first systematic treatment of analytic number theory in the Handbuch der Lehre von der Verteilung der Primzahlen (the "Handbuch").[1] He also made important contributions to complex analysis. G. H. Hardy wrote that no one was ever more passionately devoted to mathematics than Landau.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} Translated works
See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|author=Gronwall, T. H.|authorlink=Thomas Hakon Grönwall|title=Review: Handbuch der Lehre von der Verteilung der Primzahlen|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1914|volume=20|issue=7|pages=368–376|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1914-20-07/S0002-9904-1914-02502-9/|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1914-02502-9}} Further reading
External links{{wikiquote}}
10 : 19th-century German mathematicians|20th-century German mathematicians|University of Göttingen faculty|Number theorists|German Jews|People from Berlin|People from the Province of Brandenburg|1877 births|1938 deaths|Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。