| 词条 | Radioplane OQ-2 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The OQ-2 Radioplane was the first mass-produced UAV or drone in the United States, manufactured by the Radioplane Company. A follow-on version, the OQ-3, became the most widely used target drone in US service, with over 9,400 being built during World War II. HistoryThe OQ-2 was originally a small radio controlled aircraft model designed by Walter Righter. The design, along with its engine design, was purchased by actor Reginald Denny, who had demonstrated another model to the US Army in 1940. Calling the new design the RP-2, he demonstrated several updated versions to the Army as the RP-2, RP-3 and RP-4 in 1939.[1] In 1940, the Army placed an order for 53 RP-4s (some sources refer to the RP-4 as OQ-1. but that designation was never assigned). This small order led to a much bigger 1941 order for the similar RP-5, which became the US Army OQ-2, the OQ meaning a "subscale target". The US Navy also bought the drone, designating it TDD-1, for Target Drone, Denny, 1. Thousands were built, manufactured at the Radioplane plant at the Van Nuys Airport in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. It was at this factory on June 26, 1945 that Army photographer David Conover saw a young woman assembler named Norma Jeane Dougherty, whom he thought had potential as a model. She was photographed in the plant, which led to a screen test for Norma Jeane, who soon changed her name to Marilyn Monroe[2] Description and variantsThe OQ-2 was a simple aircraft, powered by a two-cylinder two-cycle piston engine, providing {{convert|6|hp}} and driving two contra-rotating propellers. The RC control system was built by Bendix. Launching was by catapult only and recovered by parachute should it survive the target practice. The landing gear was used only on the OQ-2 versions as sold to the Army to cushion the landing by parachute. None of the drones including the improved variants shipped to the Navy had landing gear. The subsequent variants delivered to the Army did not have landing gear. The OQ-2 led to a series of similar but improved variants, with the OQ-3 / TDD-2 and OQ-14 / TDD-3 produced in quantity. A number of other target drones were built by Radioplane (including licensed contractors) and competing companies during the war, most of which never got beyond prototype stage, which accounts for the gaps in the designation sequence between "OQ-3" and "OQ-14". After World War II ended, various experiment were made with Radioplane target drones. In one experiment in 1950, a derivative of the QQ-3 Radioplane drone was used to lay military communication wire.[3] During the war Radioplane manufactured nearly fifteen thousand drones. The company was bought by Northrop in 1952. Specifications (OQ-2){{aerospecs|ref= |met or eng?=eng |crew=none |capacity= |length m=2.65 |length ft=8 |length in=8 |span m=3.73 |span ft=12 |span in=3 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m= |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm= |wing area sqft= |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio= |empty weight kg= |empty weight lb= |gross weight kg=47 |gross weight lb=104 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=Righter O-15-1 |eng1 kw=5 |eng1 hp=7 |eng1 kn= |eng1 lbf= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |max speed kmh=137 |max speed mph=85 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km= |range miles= |endurance h=1 |endurance min=0 |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |armament1= |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} See also{{aircontent|see also=
|related= |similar aircraft= |lists=
}} References1. ^{{harvnb|Parker|2013|pp=129–30}} Sources{{refbegin}}2. ^{{harvnb|Parker|2013|pp=5, 7–10, 13, 59, 131–2}} 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=mdgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA96&dq=Popular+Mechanics+Science+installing+linoleum&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BAjZT-rpNYOe8gTth_jqAw&sqi=2&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Popular%20Mechanics%20Science%20installing%20linoleum&f=true "Drone Plane Lays Wire"] Popular Mechanics, October 1950, p. 96
This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain. External links{{Commons category|Radioplane OQ-2}}
3 : United States special-purpose aircraft 1940–1949|Unmanned aerial vehicles of the United States|Radioplane aircraft |
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