| 词条 | RAF Acklington |
| 释义 |
| name = RAF Acklington RAF Southfields RFC Southfields | ensign = | nativename = | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | image = Personnel of 'B' Flight, No. 409 Squadron RCAF, pose for a formal portrait with one of their Beaufighter Mk IIs at Acklington, January 1942. CH4903.jpg | caption = 'B' flight, No. 409 Sqn RCAF with one of their Bristol Beaufighters in January 1942. | IATA = | ICAO = | type = Military | owner = Ministry of Defence | operator = Royal Flying Corps Royal Air Force | city-served = | location = Acklington, Northumberland | built = {{Start date|1916}} | used = 1916–1920 1938–{{End date|1975}} | elevation-m = 29 | elevation-f = {{Convert|29|m|disp=output number only|0}} | coordinates = {{Coord|55|17|46|N|001|38|04|W|region:GB_type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = | pushpin_map = Northumberland | pushpin_label = RAF Acklington | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Northumberland | r1-number = 05/23[1] | r1-length-m = 1740 | r1-length-f = 5700 | r1-surface = Asphalt | r2-number = 01/19[1] | r2-length-m = 1390 | r2-length-f = 4554 | r2-surface = Asphalt | r3-number = 12/30[1] | r3-length-m = 1100 | r3-length-f = 3624 | r3-surface = Asphalt | stat-year = | stat1-header = | stat1-data = | stat2-header = | stat2-data = }} Royal Air Force Station Acklington, simply known as RAF Acklington, is a former Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force station located {{Convert|3.2|mi}} south west of Amble, Northumberland and {{Convert|8.8|mi}} north east of Morpeth, Northumberland. The airfield was operational initially from 1916 being used by the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and from April 1918 its successor the Royal Air Force (RAF) before being closed in 1920 however it was reopened in 1938 being used by the RAF until 1972. After 1972 the site was turned over to Her Majesty's Prison Service for the creation of two new prisons. HistoryFirst World WarAcklington was an aerodrome during the First World War and known as Royal Flying Corps Station Southfields.[2] Second World WarThe airfield was reopened on Friday 1 April 1938 being renamed to RAF Acklington where No. 7 Armament Training Station was formed which on 15 November 1938 transformed into No. 2 Air Observers School. During September 1939 the school moved to RAF Warmwell and the airfield was handed over to RAF Fighter Command as part of 13 Group where it became a sector airfield.[3] The following squadrons were at some point posted or attached to RAF Acklington:{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=153}}
On 3 February 1940 three Hawker Hurricane fighters from 43 Squadron at Acklington intercepted and shot down a Luftwaffe Heinkel He 111 bomber at Whitby. The formation was led by Flight Lieutenant Peter Townsend. It was the first German aircraft to fall on English soil in World War II (although it was not the first to be shot down in the United Kingdom, that having occurred in Scotland). The intercept was based on a plot by operators at RAF Danby Beacon, a radar station about ten miles west of Whitby. Townsend visited the German rear gunner in hospital the next day, and visited him again in 1968 when Townsend was writing his highly-successful book about the Battle of Britain, "Duel of Eagles," which recounts the incident in detail.[4] On 21 October 1942 well known test pilot Gerry Sayer departed from RAF Acklington in a Hawker Typhoon to test a gunsight during gun firing into Druridge Bay Ranges, and was accompanied by another Typhoon. Neither aircraft returned and it was assumed that they collided over the bay. Sayer was replaced as Gloster's chief test pilot by his deputy, Michael Daunt. Battle of BritainRAF Acklington was home to the following squadrons during the Battle of Britain:
October 1940–1945The following squadrons were at some point posted or attached to RAF Acklington:{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=153}}
Postwar useThe following squadron were at some point posted or attached to RAF Acklington:{{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=153}}
Airfield unitsThe following units were at some point posted or attached to RAF Southfields/Acklington:[2]
Current useRAF Acklington closed in 1975 and the main camp became the site of Acklington and Castington prisons.[2] These have since been amalgamated and transferred into private ownership and are simply known as H. M. P. Northumberland. The airfield is virtually unrecognisable today having been subjected to open cast coal mining. See also
ReferencesCitations1. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Delve|2006|p=26}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/acklington-southfields |title=Acklington (Southfields) |publisher=Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust|accessdate=11 December 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wartimememories.co.uk/airfields/acklington.html |title=RAF Acklington |publisher=The Wartime Memories Project |accessdate=11 December 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927013015/http://www.wartimememories.co.uk/airfields/acklington.html |archivedate=27 September 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^Peter Townsend, Duel of Eagles, (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1970), pp 7-8. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bobno72sqn.cfm |title=Battle of Britain history of No. 72 Squadron.|publisher=Royal Air Force|accessdate=11 December 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bobno79sqn.cfm |title=Battle of Britain history of No. 79 Squadron. |publisher=Royal Air Force|accessdate=11 December 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bobno32sqn.cfm |title=Battle of Britain history of No. 32 Squadron. |publisher=Royal Air Force|accessdate=11 December 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/bobno610sqn.cfm |title=Battle of Britain history of No. 610 Squadron. |publisher=Royal Air Force|accessdate=11 December 2012}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|RAF Acklington}}
3 : Royal Air Force stations in Northumberland|Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom|Royal Flying Corps airfields |
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