| 词条 | RAF Gosfield |
| 释义 |
| name = RAF Gosfield USAAF Station AAF-154 | nativename = | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | image = Gosfield-march1945-rotated.jpg | image-width = 250px | caption = Gosfield airfield photographed in March 1945 | IATA = | ICAO = | type = Military | owner = Air Ministry | operator = Royal Air Force United States Army Air Forces | city-served = | location = Gosfield, Braintree, Essex | built = {{Start date|1943}} | used = 1944-{{End date|1946}} | elevation-f = {{Convert|89|m|disp=output number only|0}} | elevation-m = 89 | coordinates = {{coord|51|57|11|N|000|34|48|E|region:GB_type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Essex | pushpin_label = RAF Gosfield | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Essex | website = | r1-number = 00/00 | r1-length-f = 0 | r1-length-m = 0 | r1-surface = Asphalt | r2-number = 00/00 | r2-length-f = 0 | r2-length-m = 0 | r2-surface = Asphalt | r3-number = 00/00 | r3-length-f = 0 | r3-length-m = 0 | r3-surface = Asphalt | stat-year = | stat1-header = | stat1-data = | stat2-header = | stat2-data = }}Royal Air Force Station Gosfield or more simply RAF Gosfield is a former Royal Air Force station in Essex, England. The airfield is located approximately {{convert|5|mi|km}} north of Braintree; about {{convert|40|mi|km}} north-northeast of London Opened in 1943, it was used by both the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces. During the war it was used primarily as a combat airfield, with several fighter and bomber units stationed at it After the war it was closed in 1955 after being held in reserve for many years. Today the remains of the airfield are located on private property being used as agricultural fields. HistoryGosfield was also one of the airfields where the main construction work was carried out by US Army engineers. The 816th Engineer Battalion (Aviation) arrived at Gosfield on 16 August 1942 where they began setting up tented accommodation. Shortages of construction equipment and other problems caused delays in the early months. By December 1942, the overall airfield building program was in crisis and falling further behind schedule due to the lack of labour and resources. By March 1943, most of the 816th's men were transferred to the more advanced site at RAF Andrews Field. Full-scale construction of Gosfield was resumed in August and by mid-October 1943 the main elements of the landing area had been completed. The 833rd Engineer Aviation Battalion arrived in October 1943 and helped complete Gosfield, including buildings and the drainage system. However, by the time it was completed the Eighth Air Force no longer required the airfield and it was passed to the control of the US Ninth Air Force. On 10 December 1943 the airfield was bombed by the Luftwaffe, and four servicemen of the 833rd EAB, Stacy J Lindsey, George E Reilly, Norman Shotnakoff Jr, and Fred Svensson were killed when one of the raiders sprayed their hut with cannon fire. Fifteen others were wounded. USAAF useGosfield was known as USAAF Station AAF-154 for security reasons by the USAAF during the war, and by which it was referred to instead of location. It's USAAF Station Code was "GF". 365th Fighter GroupThe first combat flying unit to occupy Gosfield was the 365th Fighter Group, arriving on 22 December 1943 from Richmond AAF, Virginia flying Republic P-47 Thunderbolts. Operational squadrons of the group were:
The 365th was a group of Ninth Air Force's 84th Fighter Wing, IX Tactical Air Command. Early missions were flown in support of Eighth Air Force B-17 and B-24 bomber operations and on one of these on 2 March, On 5 March, with only nine missions to its credit the group moved south to RAF Beaulieu in Hampshire. 397th Bombardment GroupOn 5 April 1944 Martin B-26 Marauders of the 397th Bombardment Group started to arrive at Gosfield after a trans-Atlantic crossing from Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia by the southern route via Africa. Operational squadrons of the group were:
However. no sooner had they arrived than they were moved on to RAF Rivenhall when that airfield was vacated by the 363d Fighter Group on 14 April. 410th Bombardment GroupThe day following the 397th's departure, personnel of the 410th Bombardment Group moved in from RAF Birch. The 410th was equipped with Douglas A-20G and A-20J Havoc light twin engined bombers which it had trained in the United States. Operational squadrons of the group were:
Following the Allied break-out from the Normandy beachhead in late July, and the subsequent sweep across France. The 410th, moved to France on 18 September 1944. On the continent, the 410th continued operations until V-E Day, eventually being stationed at Beaumont-sur-Oise, France. The group returned to the United States during the summer of 1945, and was inactivated at Myrtle Beach AAF, South Carolina on 7 November 1945. RAF Bomber Command useIn January 1945, the RAF's No. 299 Squadron RAF moved in from RAF Wethersfield for two weeks with Short Stirlings but soon departed for RAF Shepherds Grove. Gosfield being selected as another of the launch bases for the First Allied Airborne Army's support for the crossing of the Rhine. With the end of hostilities jurisdiction subsequently passed from one RAF headquarters to another until Gosfield airfield was closed down during February 1946. Current useLong sections of the perimeter track remain, although only as a single lane agricultural road. All of the dispersal hardstands have been removed, along with the main runway and 02/20 secondary runway, both of which no longer exist. The 08/26 secondary runway remains largely intact with the east end being used for lorry trailer storage, although the trailers appear to be derelict. The group of buildings in the control tower area survived and were developed for light engineering and plant hire operations and are in use. Part of the technical site appears to be a storage area for sea-land ocean containers. Several Nissen Huts also remain in use. See also{{Portal|United States Air Force|Military of the United States|World War II}}
References{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}CitationsBibliography
External links{{Commons category|RAF Gosfield}}
4 : Airfields of the 9th Bombardment Division in the United Kingdom|Airfields of the IX Fighter Command in the United Kingdom|Royal Air Force stations in Essex|Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom |
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