| 词条 | RAF Langar |
| 释义 |
| name = RAF Langar USAAF Station AAF-490 RCAF Langar | nativename = | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | image = RAF Langar - 17 April 1945 - Airphoto.jpg | image-width = 275px | caption = Aerial photograph of RAF Langar airfield, the control tower and technical site are at the left, the bomb dump is to the right, 17 April 1945 | image2 = RAF Langar - September 1943 - Oblique.jpg | image2-width = 275px | caption2 = Low oblique photo of Langar airfield, September 1943 looking to the northwest. Noticing the large number of Handley Page Halifaxs and Airspeed Horsas on the grass parts of the field along with the hardstands. | IATA = | ICAO = | type = Military | owner = Air Ministry | operator = Royal Air Force United States Army Air Forces Royal Canadian Air Force | city-served = | location = Langar, Nottinghamshire | built = {{Start date|1942}} | used = 1942-{{End date|1963}} | elevation-m = 37 | elevation-f = {{Convert|37|m|disp=output number only|0}} | coordinates = {{Coord|52|53|30|N|000|54|07|W|region:GB_type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = | pushpin_map = Nottinghamshire | pushpin_label = RAF Langar | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nottinghamshire | r1-number = 01/19 | r1-length-m = Unknown | r1-length-f = Unknown | r1-surface = Asphalt | r2-number = 07/25 | r2-length-m = Unknown | r2-length-f = Unknown | r2-surface = Asphalt | stat-year = | stat1-header = | stat1-data = | stat2-header = | stat2-data = }} Royal Air Force Station Langar or more simply RAF Langar is a former Royal Air Force station located near the village of Langar, Nottinghamshire, England. The airfield is located approximately {{convert|6|mi|km}} east-southeast of Radcliffe on Trent and about {{convert|100|mi|km}} north-northwest of London, England. Opened in 1942 during World War II, it was used by both the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces. During the war it was used primarily as troop carrier transport airfield. After the war it was provided to the Royal Canadian Air Force which used it as an operational base until 1963. Today the airfield is the location for the British Parachute Schools, who use the original control tower for their headquarters. The former Avro industrial complex is used by private industry. HistoryRAF Bomber Command useThe first flying unit arrived in September 1942 when No. 207 Squadron arrived with Lancaster bombers from RAF Bottesford.[1] 207 Squadron was a major RAF Bomber Command unit and participated in major raids on occupied Europe.{{Citation needed|date=November 2012}} Also, in September 1942, A.V. Roe Ltd. prepared to use a large hangar complex on the west side of the Langar/Harby road to carry out major repair and maintenance of Lancasters.{{Citation needed|date=November 2012}} The squadron remained until October 1943 when it moved to RAF Spilsby.[1] USAAF useIn November 1943 Langar was transferred to the USAAF Ninth Air Force as a troop carrier group base. Langar was known as USAAF Station AAF-490 for security reasons by the USAAF during the war, and by which it was referred to instead of location. Its USAAF Station Code was "LA". 435th Troop Carrier GroupThe 435th Troop Carrier Group arrived at Langar on 3 November 1943 from Baer AAF Indiana with four squadrons of 56 C-47s. Operational squadrons of the group were:
The 435th TCG was assigned to the 53rd Troop Carrier Wing. The group began operational training at the airfield, however it was moved on 25 January 1944 to RAF Welford to train alongside the 101st Airborne Division. 438th Troop Carrier GroupLangar remained vacant for about a month until the 438th Troop Carrier Group arrived in early February 1944 from Baer AAF, Indiana. Operational squadrons of the group were:
The 438th TCG was assigned to the 53rd Troop Carrier Wing. Like its predecessor, the group was moved south after a month to a new station at RAF Greenham Common. 441st Troop Carrier GroupThe 441st Troop Carrier Group arrived at Langar on 17 March Baer AAF Indiana with four squadrons of 56 C-47s. Those being:
The 441st was a group of Ninth Air Force's 50th Troop Carrier Wing, IX Troop Carrier Command. It was scheduled to be assigned to Langar, however it only remained until 25 April until being moved to RAF Merryfield. In August 1944 Langar was returned to RAF control for operational use. Post D-Day useIn October 1944, RAF Bomber Command returned to Langar moving in with No. 1669 Heavy Conversion Unit with 32 Lancasters which used the station until March 1945. Although retained by the Ministry of Defence. The airfield was used after the war for a short time for prisoners of war and then for displaced persons. RCAF LangarEarly in 1952 it was taken over by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) to become a supply station for the Canadian NATO squadrons. The airfield was constructed on the old domestic and technical sites with completely new buildings, to a much higher standard than the Air Ministry was used to, by an English design team led by architect Peter Benton, under the direction of an RCAF officer. For 12 months nearly 1000 men worked constructing the station, which worked around two two acre warehouses. another was added later and is now in private ownership. The first RCAF personnel arrived autumn 1952. The airfield was used for eleven years (1952–1963) as 30 Air Materiel Base, RCAF Langar. Langar was the RCAF's primary supply station for No. 1 Air Division RCAF in Europe, a complex of four fighter bases set up in nearby RAF North Luffenham and in France and West Germany by Canada to help meet NATO's European air defence commitments during the Cold War. It was the only Canadian airfield in the United Kingdom. The RCAF established No. 30 Air Materiel Base (AMB), to handle the transportation of supplies, equipment, aircraft, personnel, and other support essential for the operation of the four NATO air bases and its headquarters. Several units were attached to 30 AMB; No. 137 (Transport) Flight, which was attached to the Movements Unit of 30 AMB, operated several types of aircraft including six Bristol Freighters, one Beechcraft Expeditor, and two Dakotas. No. 312 Supply Depot handled medical supplies and spares for mechanical equipment, including aircraft (e.g. the F-86 Sabre) and vehicles. No. 314 Technical Services Unit was tasked with inspecting all supplies before they were forwarded to operational bases. This unit also assisted with repair contracts and provided technical advice. The final use of the station by the Canadian Forces was in May 1995 on the 50th anniversary year of VE-Day. During the commemoration, a small team of Canadian military parachutists arrived from Holland—where they had conducted parachute activities during the 'Thank you Canada' liberation celebrations. They joined a larger group of American airborne veterans at the British Parachute Schools at Langar, Nottinghamshire. In the days before, the Americans and Canadians had undergone some conversion training at the No.1 Parachute Training School at Royal Air Force Brize Norton. However, inclement weather and other factors prevented the group from jumping onto the Weston-on-the-Green drop zone. Following a quick refresher course conducted by the school's chief parachute jumping instructor, the paratroopers embarked on the twin engine Britten Norman aircraft and a giant biplane—the Antonov AN-2 Colt. Despite marginal weather and high winds, the mass parachute drop was made without casualties onto the airfield using round G-Q military type parachutes. The para drop afforded these Canadians the only opportunity to jump in the UK, but more importantly, it provided a fitting venue from which to pay tribute to the memory of all the Canadians who fought from bases in Britain during the Second World War. A pipe band led the parade off the drop zone to the wreath laying ceremony at the airfield's RAF memorial. A reception was given by the Lord Mayor Peter Burgess at the Nottinghamshire County Council Hall in West Bridgford. Lieutenant Colonel C.A. Kiernan, MBE: a war Veteran (1942 to 1965) of the Parachute Regiment, and local members of the UK Territorial Army's 144 Parachute Medical Squadron, attended to mark the occasion. Current useWith the facility released from military control in 1963, the airfield (now called Langar Airfield) is the base for the British Parachute Schools, who use the original control tower for their headquarters. The former Avro industrial complex is used by private industry. There is a go-karting track. The airfield is relatively intact, with most of its wartime facilities still in use. The main runway (01/19) and NE/SW secondary (07/25) are still active and in use. The original technical site is still in use, along with both wartime T-2 hangars. Additional postwar hangars and a secondary maintenance site built to the northwest, along with many of the loop dispersal hardstands around the wartime perimeter track still exist. See also{{Portal|United States Air Force|Military of the United States|World War II}}
References{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}Citations1. ^1 {{Harvnb|Jefford|1988|p=69.}} Bibliography
External links{{Commons category|RAF Langar}}
Video clips
4 : Airfields of the IX Troop Carrier Command in the United Kingdom|Canadian Forces bases outside Canada (closed)|Parachuting in the United Kingdom|Royal Air Force stations in Nottinghamshire |
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