| 词条 | Ed Royce |
| 释义 |
|name = Ed Royce |image = Edward Royce, official photo portrait color.jpg |office = Chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee |term_start = January 3, 2013 |term_end = January 3, 2019 |predecessor = Ileana Ros-Lehtinen |successor = Eliot Engel |office1 = Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California |term_start1 = January 3, 1993 |term_end1 = January 3, 2019 |predecessor1 = William E. Dannemeyer |successor1 = Gil Cisneros |constituency1 = {{ushr|CA|39|39th district}} (1993–2003; 2013–2019) {{ushr|CA|40|40th district}} (2003–2013) |state_senate2 = California |district2 = 32nd |term_start2 = 1982 |term_end2 = 1993 |predecessor2 = John Schmitz |successor2 = Rob Hurtt |birth_name = Edward Randall Royce |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1951|10|12}} |birth_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S. |death_date = |death_place = |party = Republican |spouse = {{marriage|Marie Porter|1985}} |education = California State University, Fullerton (BS) }} Edward Randall Royce (born October 12, 1951) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California from 1993 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, Royce served as Chairman of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2019. He previously served as a member of the California Senate from 1982 to 1993. He was reelected to his seat in 2016,[1] having spent over $3.5 million on his campaign.[2] On January 8, 2018, Royce announced that he would retire from Congress at the end of his term and not run for reelection in 2018.[3] Early life and educationRoyce was born in Los Angeles, California. He graduated from Katella High School in Anaheim, California. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Accounting and Finance in 1977 from California State University, Fullerton.[4] Early careerRoyce was a business owner and corporate tax manager for a Portland cement company before becoming a California State Senator in 1983, serving in that post until his election to the U.S. House of Representatives. U.S. House of RepresentativesElectionsAfter redistricting following the 1990 United States Census, incumbent Republican U.S. Representative William Dannemeyer decided to retire and run for the 1992 U.S. Senate election. Royce won the Republican primary for what was then California's 39th congressional district, which included most of northern Orange County and southern Los Angeles County. He defeated Democrat Molly McClanahan in the general election with 57% of the vote.[5] He won re-election to the 39th district four more times with at least 63% of the vote. After redistricting after the 2000 United States Census, his district was renumbered the 40th and cut back to northern Orange County. He won re-election from this district five more times with at least 63% of the vote.[6]
After redistricting, Royce's home in Fullerton was drawn into the 39th district. That district had previously been the 42nd District, represented by fellow Republican Gary Miller. Although it was geographically more Miller's district than Royce's, Royce would have been favored in a primary battle with Miller–which would have been the real contest in this heavily Republican district. Ultimately, Miller opted to move to the neighboring 31st District,[7] effectively handing the seat to Royce. Royce defeated Jay Chen in the general election.[8] TenureIn 2012 he was endorsed by 11 of 14 Republicans[9] as chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and has served as chairman since January 2013.[10] Royce voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.[11] Committee assignments
Caucus memberships
RetirementSituated in a district that supported Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Presidential election by a margin of eight points,[16] Royce was widely viewed as one of the most vulnerable members of Congress.[17] As of December 2017, polling in the 39th District showed a 36% approval rating for Royce and a 60% disapproval rating for President Trump.[18] Additionally, the data showed that a large majority of voters disapproved of Royce's public support and vote in favor of the Republican Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.[18] Acknowledging the difficult campaign ahead and the end of his six-year term as Chairman of the House Foreign Relations Committee,[19] Royce decided to announce his retirement and decision to not run for reelection in 2018 via Twitter on January 8, 2018.[3] Thirty minutes following his announcement, President Trump formally nominated Royce's wife Marie Royce to be Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs.[20] In retiring, Royce joined the "casualty list" of 36 Republican members of the 115th Congress who have left or announced their intention to leave the House of Representatives.[21] Political positions and PACs{{BLP sources section|date=April 2017}}Royce voted in line with President Trump's position in 97.9% of the votes in the 115th United States Congress.[22] Despite this, for the 114th United States Congress, Royce was ranked as the 27th most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives (and the most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship (by measuring the frequency each member's bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each member's co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party).[23] Over his career, Royce has received nearly $7 million from PACs.[24] In the 2016 race, he raised over $4.2 million and spent over $3.5 million.[2] His campaign committee received funds from Northwest Excavating, Deutsche Bank, Morgan Stanley and NorPac. The Sunlight Foundation gave Royce's web site a 24 percent rating for transparency,[25] with 40 percent being considered a passing score. Royce's website highlights support from conservative groups such as 60 Plus[26] and business organizations such as the National Taxpayers Union and Citizens Against Government Waste. He received praise from the American Share Holders Association, Citizens for a Sound Economy, and the Small Business Survival Committee.[27] For the 113th Congress, the Washington Post named Royce as one of the “10 most effective lawmakers in the U.S. Congress”, citing his authorship of the Global Anti-Poaching Act (H.R. 2494) and the Hizballah International Financing Prevention Act of 2015 (H.R. 2297).[28] Domestic policyRoyce's voting record, his scores on VoteMatch, and ratings by the Cato Institute indicate mixed or moderate positions on free trade,[32][33] privatization of social security, campaign finance,[32] and tax reform.[33] AbortionRoyce is pro-life.[29] Banking deregulation, business issuesOne of Royce's early signature issues was banking deregulation. He has sponsored legislation on tax policy, small businesses, and credit. Many of his biggest campaign contributors have been banks: his five top contributors in 2006 were Credit Union National Assn, Irvine Co., Wells Fargo, Orange County Teachers Fed Credit Union, and GUS plc. He is among the representatives receiving the largest percentage of their campaign contributions from the banking industry.[30] On November 13, 2013, Royce introduced the Credit Union Share Insurance Fund Parity Act (H.R. 3468; 113th Congress) into the House.[31] The bill would expand federal deposit insurance to include Interest on Lawyer Trust Accounts (IOLTAs) and similar escrow accounts housed within credit unions.[32] CannabisRoyce has a "C" rating from NORML regarding his voting record on cannabis-related matters. He voted against allowing veterans access to medical marijuana, if legal in their state, per their Veterans Health Administration doctor's recommendation.[33] GunsRoyce has a "A" rating from the National Rifle Association regarding his voting record on gun-related matters.[29] In the wake of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Royce posted on Facebook that "We need to defeat the terrorists and make it our top national security priority to prevail in the war against radical Islamic extremism." He did not mention the families or gun laws.[34] Taxes and budgetsHe has received 14 "Taxpayer Friend Awards" from the National Taxpayers' Union.[35] Royce opposes funding for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC).[36] Royce has posited that these overseas investments expose taxpayers to a serious potential liability, just like the S&L crisis did.[37] Social issues and IslamRoyce is a social conservative,[38] having voted against same-sex marriage and gay adoption, and in favor of school prayer and school vouchers.[39] He has a 92 percent rating from the Christian Coalition in terms of his voting record on families and children.[39] He is pro-life,[38] his votes resulting in NARAL's most consistent possible score.[39] He has voted in favor of a constitutional amendment forbidding flag burning, and in favor of making the USA PATRIOT Act permanent. He has an A rating from the NRA.[39] Royce was criticized for attending a rally in his home county, in which members of anti-Muslim groups chanted at Muslim-American families attending Islamic charity event that they should "go home." Royce replied that the anti-Muslim chants were done by provocateurs, not the main group of protesters. He disavowed the chants, saying "those remarks and conduct were disrespectful and offensive".[40][41] Royce supported President Trump's Executive Order 13769.[42] Victims' rights[43] Royce sponsored anti-stalking legislation signed into law by President Bill Clinton, which was based on legislation Royce had authored as a California State Senator. In 2003, he sponsored another bill as US representative related to victims.[44]Health CareOn May 4, 2017, he voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and pass the American Health Care Act.[45][46] Donald Trump's tax returnsIn February 2017, he voted against a resolution that would have directed the House to request 10 years of Trump's tax returns, which would then have been reviewed by the House Ways and Means Committee in a closed session.[47] Foreign policyIn foreign policy, Royce's voting record has earned a 0% rating from the peace organization SANE.[39] In 2011, Royce voted against the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 as part of a controversial provision that allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial.[48] Iran nuclear agreementIn 2016, Royce criticized the Iran nuclear agreement and Obama administration harshly, saying the deal was "a financial windfall” for Iran and a "a cash bonanza, a boost to its international standing, and a lighted path toward nuclear weapons."[49] He called for re-introducing sanctions on Iran.[50] Later, in 2017, after Donald Trump had become President, Royce said that he was in favor of staying in the Iran nuclear agreement.[51][52] North KoreaRoyce serves as a senior member of the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia. He and has been especially involved in policy regarding North Korea, working on issues such as human rights, counterfeiting of U.S. currency, nuclear proliferation,[53] and stopping repatriation of refugees.[54] Royce's district includes Fullerton, which has a large population of Korean immigrants.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} During a slow-rolling crisis in 2017 between the US and North Korea, Royce introduced legislation expanding sanctions against North Korea and requiring that its designation as a state sponsor of terror be reinstated.[55] Conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and YemenRoyce was a supporter of the US wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2002, he voted in favor of authorizing President George W. Bush to use force in Iraq.[56] In 2003, he voted yes on an emergency appropriation of $78 billion for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.[39] From 2003-06, he voted in favor of the annual supplemental spending bill to continue funding for the Iraq war.[56][57] In 2005, he voted against Amendment 214 to HR 1815, which called on Bush to develop a plan for withdrawing U.S. troops from Iraq; in favor of Amendment 488 to HR 2601 to keep troops in Iraq; and in favor of HR 612 opposing a timetable for withdrawal of troops from Iraq.[58] In 2006, he voted for HR 861, a resolution labeling the war in Iraq as part of a global war against terrorism.[56] He has supported U.S. broadcasting efforts in Asia, initiating legislation to create Radio Free Asia and Radio Free Afghanistan on the model of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.[59] Royce had a mixed voting record on the 2011 US involvement in Libya.[60] In 2015, he supported the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.[61] Genocide in MyanmarIn 2018, Royce condemned the genocide of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar and called for a stronger response to the crisis, saying that "Defining these atrocities for what they are is critical to building international public awareness – and support – to stop them."[62] AfricaRoyce was formerly chair of the Africa Subcommittee. He co-led, with Colin Powell, a delegation to observe Nigeria's historic elections in 1999 and led a delegation to Darfur to bring attention to the ongoing genocide in 2005 and led efforts in the House to bring Charles Taylor, the former President of Liberia, to stand trial before the Special Court of Sierra Leone.[63][64] LegislationOn April 26, 2013, Royce introduced the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2013 (H.R. 1771; 113th Congress), a bill that would increase U.S. sanctions on North Korea.[65] Royce said that "by shutting down North Korea's illicit activities, we deprive the Kim regime of the money he needs to pay his generals and to conduct nuclear weapons research."[66] Royce also argued that "North Korea is undoubtedly one of the most significant security threats that we here face and our allies face."[66] On June 27, 2013, Royce introduced the Electrify Africa Act of 2013 (H.R. 2548; 113th Congress), a bill that would direct the President to establish a multiyear strategy to assist countries in sub-Saharan Africa develop an appropriate mix of power solutions to provide sufficient electricity access to people living in rural and urban areas in order to alleviate poverty and drive economic growth.[67] On November 13, 2013, Royce introduced the Taiwan Relations Act Affirmation and Naval Vessel Transfer Act of 2014 (H.R. 3470; 113th Congress) into the House.[68] The bill would allow the sale of several Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates to Mexico, Thailand, and Taiwan.[68] Four naval vessels would be sold to Taiwan for about $10 million each.[69] Mexico and Thailand would each receive two vessels as a grant.[68] Royce argued in favor of the bill saying that "these ships would bolster Taiwan's defense."[70] Royce also said that "these transfers help support the priorities of the U.S. Navy while strengthening the capability of allies and our close partners to meet our share maritime security objectives."[70] In January 2017, Royce introduced a House resolution condemning the UN Security Council Resolution 2334, which condemned Israeli settlement building in the occupied Palestinian territories as a violation of international law.[71] Awards and honors
Personal lifeRoyce is married to Marie Therese Porter, a businesswoman, former Professor at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, and the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs. References1. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/election2016-734760-election-results.html|title=2016 Election results: U.S. Senate, House and California legislature|work=The Orange County Register|accessdate=2017-03-26}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/elections.php?cycle=Career&cid=N00008264&type=I|title=Rep. Ed Royce: Campaign Finance/Money - Elections - Representative Career|website=opensecrets.org|accessdate=2017-03-26}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/RepEdRoyce/status/950494272234688512|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=January 9, 2018}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www2.calstate.edu/impact-of-the-csu/government/federal-relations/Pages/csu-alumni.aspx|title=CSU Alumni|website=www2.calstate.edu|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-07}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=27873|title=CA District 39 Race|date=November 3, 1992|publisher=Our Campaigns|accessdate=2017-04-03}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=812|title=Candidate - Edward R. Royce|publisher=Our Campaigns|accessdate=2017-04-03}} 7. ^Trygstad, Kyle. Gary Miller Switches California Districts to Avoid Battle With Ed Royce. Roll Call, 2012-01-12. 8. ^{{cite web|title=Representative Edward 'Ed' R. Royce's Political Positions|url=http://votesmart.org/candidate/political-courage-test/26772/ed-royce/#.UGZJxRh9ky4|work=VoteSmart|publisher=VoteSmart|accessdate=September 29, 2012}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/policy/international/269661-rep-royce-selected-as-new-chairman-of-house-foreign-affairs-committee|title=Rep. Royce selected as new chairman of House Foreign Affairs committee|last=Strauss|first=Daniel|date=2012-11-27|work=TheHill|access-date=2018-08-07|language=en}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2012/12/16/rep-ed-royce-the-new-house-foreign-affairs-chairman/|title=Rep. Ed Royce: The new House Foreign Affairs chairman|last=|first=|date=|website=Washington Post|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-07}} 11. ^{{cite web|last1=Almukhtar|first1=Sarah|title=How Each House Member Voted on the Tax Bill|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/19/us/politics/tax-bill-house-live-vote.html?_r=0|website=The New York Times|accessdate=22 December 2017|date=19 December 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members|author=|url=https://citizensclimatelobby.org/climate-solutions-caucus/|format=| publisher=Citizen´s Climate Lobby |date=|accessdate=20 October 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Members|author=|url=http://housebalticcaucus.webs.com/members|format=|publisher=House Baltic Caucus|date=|accessdate=21 February 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Member List|author=|url=https://rsc-walker.house.gov/|format=|publisher=Republican Study Committee|date=|accessdate=2 January 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Our Members|author=|url=https://royce.house.gov/internationalconservation/members.html|publisher=U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus |date=|accessdate=1 August 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Supplement to the Statement of the Vote Counties by Congressional Districts for President|url=http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/ssov/pres-by-congress.pdf|publisher=California Secretary of State|accessdate=January 9, 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=California could flip the House, and these 13 races will make the difference|url=http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-pol-ca-california-congressional-race-rankings/|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 9, 2018}} 18. ^1 {{cite web|title= Congressional Republicans Vulnerable in Upcoming Re-Elections|url=http://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/2c7561_ae1db5df7001481bbfc5dded05778b71.pdf|publisher=Public Policy Polling|accessdate=January 9, 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=Ed Royce, Longtime Orange County Congressman, Plans to Leave Congress|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2018/01/08/ed-royce-longtime-o-c-congressman-plans-to-retire/|publisher=Orange County Register|accessdate=January 9, 2018}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=California Republican Rep. Ed Royce won't seek reelection, creating bigger opening for Democrats|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-ed-royce-retirement-20180108-story.html|publisher=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 9, 2018}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Casualty List|url=https://pressgallery.house.gov/member-data/casualty-list|publisher=United States House of Representatives|accessdate=January 9, 2018}} 22. ^{{Cite news|url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/congress-trump-score/edward-r-royce|title=Tracking Edward R. Royce In The Age Of Trump|last=Bycoffe|first=Aaron|date=2017-01-30|accessdate=2017-02-18|newspaper=FiveThirtyEight}} 23. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.thelugarcenter.org/assets/htmldocuments/The%20Lugar%20Center%20-%20McCourt%20School%20Bipartisan%20Index%20114th%20Congress%20House%20Scores.pdf|title=The Lugar Center - McCourt School Bipartisan Index|publisher=The Lugar Center|date=March 7, 2016|accessdate=April 30, 2017}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cycle=Career&cid=N00008264|title=Rep. Ed Royce: Campaign Finance/Money - Summary|website=opensecrets.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-03-26}} 25. ^Congressional Web Site Investigation Project: Sunlight Foundation {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927070721/http://www.sunlightlabs.com/research/sites/results/results.php?cid=N00008264|date=September 27, 2007}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unitedseniors.org/NewsReleases.cfm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2007-08-13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211131919/http://www.unitedseniors.org/NewsReleases.cfm|archivedate=2014-12-11}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.edroyce.com/about|title=Royce|website=Edroyce.com|accessdate=April 3, 2017}} 28. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2015/12/28/these-are-the-top-10-most-effective-lawmakers-in-the-u-s-congress/|title=These are the 10 most effective lawmakers in the U.S. Congress|last=Volden|first=Craig|date=2015-12-28|work=Washington Post|access-date=2018-05-29|last2=Wiseman|first2=Alan|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}} 29. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Wisckol|first1=Martin|title=Rep. Ed Royce rebukes Trump on Arpaio pardon|url=https://www.ocregister.com/2017/09/01/rep-ed-royce-rebukes-trump-on-arpaio-pardon/|website=Orange County Register|accessdate=22 December 2017|date=1 September 2017}} 30. ^Races to Watch IX: Wall Street’s Favorite Candidates – OpenSecrets Blog, OpenSecrets.org; accessed April 3, 2017. 31. ^{{cite web|title=H.R. 3468 – Summary|url=http://beta.congress.gov/bill/113th-congress/house-bill/3468|publisher=United States Congress|accessdate=May 4, 2014}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=CBO – H.R. 3468|url=http://www.cbo.gov/publication/45007|publisher=Congressional Budget Office|accessdate=May 4, 2014}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=California Scorecard - NORML.org - Working to Reform Marijuana Laws|url=http://norml.org/congressional-scorecard/california|website=norml.org|accessdate=22 December 2017|language=en-us}} 34. ^{{cite web|last1=Berkowitz|first1=Bonnie|last2=Cai|first2=Weiyi|last3=Lu|first3=Denise|last4=Gamio|first4=Lazaro|title=Everything lawmakers said (and didn't say) after the Orlando mass shooting|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/national/how-lawmakers-responded-to-the-orlando-mass-shooting/|website=Washington Post|accessdate=31 December 2017}} 35. ^Government Bytes: The Official Blog of National Taxpayers Union, blog.ntu.org; accessed April 3, 2017. 36. ^Corporate Welfare OPIC {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609013649/http://www.progress.org/banneker/cwkasi.htm |date=2007-06-09 }}, progress.org; accessed April 3, 2017. 37. ^Corporate Welfare Reform, reason.com; accessed April 3, 2017. 38. ^1 2 3 Ed Royce profile, issues2000.org; accessed April 3, 2017. 39. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ed Royce on the Issues, ontheissues.org; accessed April 3, 2017. 40. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/richard-adams-blog/2011/mar/03/orange-county-protest-islam|title=The ugly face of Islamophobia in Orange County, California|publisher=Guardian|date=2011-03-03|first=Richard|last=Adams|accessdate=2011-03-03|location=London, UK}} 41. ^{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/03/anti-muslim_rallies_spark_ange.html|title=Anti-Muslim videos spark anger; pro-Muslim rally planned for March 6 (#mar6)|publisher=Washington Post|first=Melissa|last=Bell|accessdate=2011-03-04}} 42. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/paul-ryan-trumps-refugee-ban-does-not-target-muslims/2017/01/28/e0cf1fe4-e56e-11e6-a547-5fb9411d332c_story.html?tid=pm_pop |title=The Washington Post |newspaper=The Washington Post |date= |accessdate=2017-05-04}} 43. ^{{cite news|last1=Phinney|first1=David|title=Clinton Signs O.C.-Born Bill Outlawing Stalking|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1996-09-24/news/mn-47044_1_bill-signing|accessdate=April 12, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=September 24, 1996}} 44. ^Royce legislation, stalkingalert.com; accessed April 3, 2017. 45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/politics/ahca-house-vote/|title=How the House voted to pass the GOP health-care bill|website=Washington Post|access-date=2017-05-04}} 46. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/04/health-care-vote-puts-pressure-dozens-vulnerable-gop-reps/101297824/|title=Health care vote puts pressure on dozens of vulnerable GOP reps|work=USA TODAY|access-date=2017-05-04|language=en}} 47. ^{{Cite news|url=https://indy100.com/article/republican-vote-donald-trump-tax-president-united-states-229-185-congress-7603851|title=These are all the Republicans who don’t want you to see Donald Trump’s tax returns|date=2017-02-28|work=indy100|accessdate=2017-03-01}} 48. ^{{cite web|author=Connor Adams Sheets|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/ndaa-bill-how-did-your-congress-member-vote-384362?page=1|title=NDAA Bill: How Did Your Congress Member Vote?|website=Ibtimes.com|date=2011-10-27|accessdate=2017-04-03}} 49. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/iran-nuclear-talks/house-gop-panel-grill-john-kerry-iran-deal-n399621|title=House GOP Panel Grills John Kerry on Iran Nuclear Deal|work=NBC News|access-date=2017-10-12|language=en}} 50. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-exclusive/exclusive-u-s-house-to-vote-on-iran-sanctions-act-renewal-as-soon-as-november-idUSKCN12P2GG|title=Exclusive: U.S. House to vote on Iran Sanctions Act renewal as soon as November|last=|first=|date=2016|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-10-12}} 51. ^{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/09/19/politics/ed-royce-foreign-affairs-iran-nuclear/index.html|title=Royce suggests US should stay in Iran deal|last=CNN|first=Eli Watkins,|work=CNN|access-date=2017-10-12}} 52. ^{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/policy/defense/354898-foreign-affairs-chairman-us-should-stay-in-iran-deal-but-enforce-the-hell-out|title=House Foreign Affairs chairman: US should stay in Iran deal, but 'enforce the hell' out of it|last=Kheel|first=Rebecca|date=2017-10-11|work=TheHill|access-date=2017-10-12}} 53. ^"Kim the Counterfeiter," by Ed Royce, March 10, 2007, https://www.wsj.com 54. ^Green Light on U.S. Legislation to Help North Korean Refugees in China, dailynk.com; 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F.|title=President confers medal on U.S. Congressman Ed Royce|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201709010013.aspx|accessdate=1 September 2017|agency=Central News Agency|date=1 September 2017}} External links
from the 32nd district|years=1982–1993}}{{s-aft|after=Rob Hurtt}} |-{{s-par|us-hs}}{{s-bef|before=William Dannemeyer}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 39th congressional district|years=1993–2003}}{{s-aft|after=Linda Sánchez}} |-{{s-bef|before=Jerry Lewis}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 40th congressional district|years=2003–2013}}{{s-aft|after=Lucille Roybal-Allard}} |-{{s-bef|before=Linda Sánchez}}{{s-ttl|title=Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 39th congressional district|years=2013–2019}}{{s-aft|after=Gil Cisneros}} |-{{s-bef|before=Ileana Ros-Lehtinen}}{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee|years=2013–2019}}{{s-aft|after=Eliot Engel}}{{s-end}}{{US House Foreign Affairs chairs |state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Royce, Ed}} 14 : 1951 births|21st-century American politicians|Activists from California|American Roman Catholics|California Republicans|California state senators|California State University, Fullerton alumni|Catholics from California|Living people|Members of the United States House of Representatives from California|People from Fullerton, California|Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Tea Party movement activists |
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