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词条 Raj Narain
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Activities during India's Freedom Movement

  3. Career Post Independence

  4. Political Associations of Raj Narain

  5. Personal life

  6. Legacy

  7. Books by Raj Narain

  8. See also

  9. Further reading

  10. Footnotes

  11. References

  12. External links

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_date= 15 March 1917[1]
| birth_place= Motikot, Benares State, British India[1]
| death_date= 31 December 1986 (aged 69)[2]
| death_place = New Delhi, India[2]
| death_cause = Heart attack
|name = Raj Narain
|image = Raj Narain 2007 stamp of India.jpg
|imagesize =
|smallimage =
|alt =
|caption = Narain on a 2007 stamp of India
|office = Health Minister of India
|term_start = 24 March 1977
|term_end = 25 January 1979
|primeminister = Morarji Desai
|predecessor = Karan Singh
|successor = Rabi Ray
}}

Raj Narain (15 March 1917 – 31 December 1986) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. He won in a famous electoral malpractice case against the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, which led to her disqualification and imposition of Emergency in India in 1975.[3] He defeated Indira Gandhi during the 1977 Lok Sabha elections.

Early life

Raj Narain was son of Anant Prasad Singh, was born on Kartik Akshaya Navami of 1917 in an affluent Bhumihar Brahmin family in the village named Motikoat, Gangapur in Varanasi. He was from the Royal Bhumihar Brahmin family of Varanasi and directly associated with the family of Maharaja Chet Singh and Maharaja Balwant Singh, who were kings of Varanasi, over a century back. He was educated at Banaras Hindu University, and did M.A. and LL.B.

Activities during India's Freedom Movement

A Political and Social worker he organized a school for adults, a girls school, a study centre and a labour organization and became member of Congress Socialist Party, in 1934, and National Committee of Students Federation, 1939–44.He was President of the Banaras University Mandal Congress Committee and Member of District Congress Committee(D.C.C.).

He was president of Student Congress during 1942 Quit India movement, and led protests in and around Varanasi district in UP. Initially he was "underground" for three months and later arrested on 28 September 1942, during Quit India Movement and detained till 1945.A

Career Post Independence

He was imprisoned 58 times for a period totaling about 15 years in connection with students' and socialist movements.

When India became independent, Raj Narain joined Socialist Party led by Acharya Narendra Deva, Jayprakash Narayan and Dr Rammanohar Lohia and held many party positions including Secretary Ship of UP Socialist Party, 1948–51. He was very close to his Guru Acharya Narendra Deva and Dr.Rammanohar Lohia.Dr. Lohia described him as "a person who has heart of a Lion and practices of Gandhi". Dr. Lohia admired him a lot, and even said that "if in India there could be just three or four persons like him, dictatorship can never shadow the democracy".

He was elected to Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1952 and was Leader of Opposition"in the Assembly until 1962.The parties he was affiliated with included CSP,1934–48, Socialist Party, 1948–52, Praja Socialist Party,1952–1955.Socialist Party,1956–64.Samyukta Socialist Party,1964–72.Socialist Party, 1971–72, Socialist Party(Lohia) 1972–74, Bhartiya Lok Dal, 1974–77.Janata Party, 1977–79, Janata Party (S), 1979–80. Democratic Socialist Party, 1981–83.Janata Party, 1983–84, and Socialist Party 1984 till his death in 1986. Party positions he held included, Member National Executive, PSP, 1954–55. Chairman, Socialist Party,1961–64.

He was Member of the Rajya Sabha, 1966–72 and 1974–77.

Raj Narain opposed policies and practices of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, and stood in 1971 Lok Sabha elections from Rai Bareli, as an SSP Candidate, although he suffered a defeat from her in 1971 elections but he accused Indira Gandhi of corrupt electoral practices and filed an election petition against her. The Allahabad High Court on 12 June 1975 upheld the accusations{{#tag:ref|Indira was convicted of using the services of Yashpal Kapoor for election purposes while his resignation as a government servant was not yet accepted by the president|group=Note}} and set aside the election of Indira Gandhi and also disqualified her to contest Lok Sabha election for next 6 years, which led to the imposition of Emergency in India.[4] Nationwide protest started and streets were flooded with people under the leadership of Loknayak Jai Prakash Narayan and Raj Narain.This was biggest drama of Indian politics after independence with Raj Narain as one of the main protagonist.

Known as biggest critique and adversary of Indira Gandhi, upon Imposition of Emergency, Raj Narain was immediately arrested and imprisoned on the same day along with several leading opposition leaders including J.P. Narayan, Morarji Desai, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Charan Singh, L. K. Advani and Atal Bihari Vajpayee without any advance notice and confined mostly in undisclosed locations.

Mrs. Gandhi lifted the state of emergency in January 1977, dissolved Lok Sabha and arranged fresh elections to the body. Narain joined with other opposition parties to form the Janata alliance to face Mrs. Gandhi's Congress party. Narain once again stood against her from the Rai Bareli constituency. He defeated her with a margin of more than fifty thousand votes.The Janata alliance also swept the election throughout North India to form the majority in the parliament (Lok Sabha). Narain reluctantly joined the Morarji Desai government and became Minister of Health and Family Welfare. Narain's stint as minister lasted just over a year when he and Charan Singh were asked to resign for criticizing the Janata government.Later on, he demanded that Janata party members with ties to the Hindu Nationalist, RSS renounce those ties to avoid split loyalties. When this was ignored, he resigned from the party to float a new outfit called Janata(S), S for secular. He was able to attract enough defectors from the former socialist and BLD factions to make the Morarji Desai government lose a vote of confidence in the parliament and lose power.[5] Raj Narain's performance in the 1977-1979 Janata period has been described as that of Buffoon, practitioner of Guerilla theater, and as a stalking horse for Charan Singh[6]

Raj Narain had earlier called himself Hanuman to Charan Singh's Ram. However, during election campaign to the Lok Sabha in late 1979, the two fell out and Raj Narain stood against Singh in the Baghpat constituency. At this time, in his opinion, his Ram turned in to a Ravan and had to be destroyed[7]

Political Associations of Raj Narain

  • Congress Socialist Party (CSP), 1934-48.

Inspector of Congress Socialist Party, 1946.

District Secretary, Congress Socialist Party (SP), 1946.

  • Member Socialist Party (SP), 1948–52.

Secretary, Uttar Pradesh Socialist Party (SP), 1948–51.

Convener, ‘Janvani Diwas’ of Socialist Party in Delhi, on 9 June 1951.

  • Member Praja Socialist Party (PSP), 1952–1955.

Member National Executive, PSP, 1954–55.

  • Member, Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly and First Leader of Opposition, 1952–1962.
  • Member Socialist Party, 1956–64. (From 1 January 1956 to 9 June 1964) Chairman, Socialist Party, 1961–64.

Joined Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP) after the merger of PSP and SP.

  • Member Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP), 1964–72. (9 June 1964 to 12, April 1972)

General Secretary Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP), 1964–66.

  • Member Rajya Sabha, 1966–72. (For SSP)
  • Member Socialist Party, 1971–72. (After the merger of PSP & SSP)

Revived Socialist Party (Lohia), in 1972 and was its Member, 1972–74.

Merged SSP (Lohia) into BKD in 1974 and formed Bhartiya Lok Dal

  • Member Bhartiya Lok Dal (BLD), 1974–77
  • Member Rajya Sabha, 1974–77 (As BLD Candidate)

Formed Janata Party in 1977 after the merger of BLD, Bhartiya Jana sangh, Congress (O), Socialist Party and Congress for Democracy (CFD)

  • Member Janata Party, 1977–79,
  • Member 6th Lok Sabha, 1977–79. (Defeated Indira Gandhi in 1977)
  • Member Union Cabinet as Health & Family Welfare Minister. (1977–78),removed from Union Cabinet in January 1979 and later on resigned from Janata Party in 1979. Formed Janata Party (S) as its President and later as Chairman
  • Joined Democratic Socialist Party, 1981–83 (With H N Bahuguna).
  • Joined Janata Party, 1983–84. With Chandra Shekhar.

Contested against former Prime Minister Charan Singh, in 1984 Lok Sabha elections from Baghpat (U.P.)

Formed Socialist Party in 1985, and was associated with this party till his death in 1986.

Personal life

Raj Narain was married and had three sons and one daughter.

Raj Narain published ‘Janmukh’-a weekly from Varanasi and has been on the editorial board of ‘Jan’ a monthly established by Dr Rammanohar Lohia.

Legacy

  • A commemorative stamp was released on him by the former Vice President of India, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat on 23 March 2007.
  • In 2012, the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav unveiled a statue in his memory at Chandrabhanu Gupta Agriculture college which is close to the state capital Lucknow.[8][9]

Books by Raj Narain

  • Towards a new health policy, by Raj Narain. 1977-8 pages. POPLINE Document Number: 783545. Author(s): NARAIN R. Source citation: New Delhi, India, Department of Family Welfare, www.popline.org/ docs/ 0299/ 783545.html.
  • Raj Narain’s Heath policy mentioned in "Practicing health for all", by David Morley, Jon E. Rohde, Glen Williams. Oxford University Press, 1983 – Medical – 333 pages.
  • Raj Narain’s Heath policy mentioned in "India: health care patterns and planning", by Rais Akhtar.2004-343 pages. On page no.45 Raj Narain, were ideologically inclined towards de-professionalization, decentralization, and indigenous systems of medicine. The Janata party manifesto mentioned community health workers, and Raj Narain adopted it as a personal commitment (Leslie, 1985).

See also

  • State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain

Further reading

  • Apaat Kaal Ka Dhoomketu:Raj Narain. Author:Dr.Yugeshwar .
  • The New Yorker: Volume 56, Issues 1–8, 1980. Although Raj Narain is married and has four children, he long ago abandoned his family for celibacy and a ... No one is ever sure whether Raj Narain is expressing a genuine belief or saying something merely to attract attention.
  • A family affair: India under three prime ministers.Ved Mehta – 1982 – 166 pages. The main project that Raj Narain had put forward as Janata Health Minister was a scheme to have each village select a ... Raj Narain's critics contended that his scheme would not only misappropriate meagre resources but also debase.
  • राज नारायण -यादों के झरोखो से -कृष्ण प्रकाश शर्मा (In Hindi)
  • लोकबंधु-सूर्यभान (In Hindi)
  • राज नारायण का समाजवादी ब्यक्तित्व-सुप्रिया राय (In Hindi)

Footnotes

1. ^1 Raj Narain. 6th Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile
2. ^1 Raj Narain; the Only Politician to Defeat India's Indira Gandhi. LA Times. 2 January 1987
3. ^1975: Region Of Terror – Cover Story News. Indiatoday.intoday.in (2 July 2007). Retrieved on 2018-11-13.
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Chandra|first1=Bipan|title=In the name of democracy : JP movement and the emergency , Chapter 4, Emergency imposed|date=2003|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-0143029670|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=3K7dCQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT4&dq=%22yashpal+kapoor%22+indira&ots=fgDZ4qSvKG&sig=WNDrQO00HzSTuHnq_LyEbv-Qh1w#v=onepage&q=yashpal&f=false}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Rudolph|first1=Lloyd I.|last2=Rudolph|first2=Susanne Hoeber|title=In pursuit of Lakshmi. The political economy of the Indian state|date=1989|publisher=Univ. of Chicago Pr.|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0226731391|page=458|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=amtV90ig9-8C&oi=fnd&pg=458}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Rudolph|first1=Lloyd I.|last2=Rudolph|first2=Susanne Hoeber|title=In pursuit of Lakshmi. The political economy of the Indian state|date=1989|publisher=Univ. of Chicago Pr.|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0226731391|page=173|edition=[Nachdr.]|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=amtV90ig9-8C&oi=fnd&pg=173}}
7. ^{{cite book|last1=Prakash|first1=, Dr. Shri (Editor)|last2=Syed|first2=Dr. Anees (Editor)|last3=Syed|first3=Ayub|title=Twenty tumultuous years : insights into Indian polity (1973–1994)|date=2003|publisher=Gyan|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788121208048|pages=310–311|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MWVPURa2hE4C&pg=310}}
8. ^{{cite web|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-05/india/33048615_1_minister-akhilesh-yadav-samajwadi-party-uttar-pradesh-chief-minister|title= Akhilesh scales rooftop to address masses; proves he is not called young and dynamic without reason|author= Swati Mathur|date= 5 August 2012|accessdate= 22 August 2012|publisher= The Times of India}}
9. ^{{cite web|url= http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-06/lucknow/33064463_1_akhilesh-yadav-chief-minister-sp-government|title= Akhilesh Yadav promises development for Bakshi ka Talaab, announces bonanza|author= TNN|date= 6 August 2012|accessdate= 22 August 2012|publisher= The Times of India}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928150728/http://164.100.24.167/kiosk/whoswho/prev90r.htm]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060408203233/http://vivekrk.8k.com/iemergency.html]
{{Indian Emergency}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Narain, Raj}}

17 : Janata Party politicians|The Emergency (India)|Desai administration|People from Varanasi district|1917 births|1986 deaths|6th Lok Sabha members|Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1952–57|Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1957–62|Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Indian socialists|Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)|Prisoners and detainees of British India|Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh|Leaders of the Opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Health ministers of India
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