| 词条 | Rancho La Ballona |
| 释义 |
Rancho La Ballona was a {{convert|13920|acre|km2|adj=on}} Mexican land grant in the present-day Westside region of Los Angeles County, southern California. The rancho was confirmed by Alta California Governor Juan Alvarado in 1839, to Ygnacio and Augustin Machado and Felipe and Tomas Talamantes. The Machados and Talamantes had already been given a Spanish concession to graze their cattle on this land in 1819. The grant stretched from inland (near the present day San Diego Freeway) to Santa Monica Bay, from present day Mar Vista, Westside Village, Palms, and Culver City; northwest to Pico Boulevard and the Ocean Park district of Santa Monica; and south along Ballona Creek through Venice, the Ballona Wetlands, and present day Marina del Rey, Playa Vista, and Playa Del Rey.[1][2][3] HistoryThe grant stretched inland from the ocean into what is now Mar Vista, Westside Village, Palms, and Culver City and north to Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, and south to Playa Del Rey.[1][2][3] Augustin Machado and Felipe Talamantes were given a land permit in 1819 for Rancho de Los Quintos in Santa Barbara, but it turned out not to be profitable. In 1821 they applied again, joined by Augustin's brother Ygnacio, and Felipe's son Tomas. The military commander, José de la Guerra y Noriega, gave them permission to graze cattle on the future Rancho La Ballona lands, when they were living in the Pueblo de Los Ángeles.[4] In 1839 Mexican Governor Alvarado confirmed the land grant for Rancho La Ballona to them. Port Ballona was a settlement on the rancho located at the mouth of Ballona Creek. The cession of California to the United States followed the Mexican–American War, and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo promised that the existingland grants would be honored. In accordance with the Land Act of 1851, the Machados and Talamantes registered their claim for Rancho La Ballona with the Board of California Land Commissioners, and it was approved in 1854.[5] The US District Court upheld the decision on appeal in 1873, 8 years after Agustín Machado had died, and Rancho La Ballona was patented at {{convert|13920|acre|km2|0}} to the original four claimants.[6] In 1857, Benjamin D. Wilson received title to one fourth of Rancho La Ballona on a foreclosure of a loan he had made to Tomas Talamantes in 1854. Wilson sold his portion of Rancho La Ballona to George A. Sanford and John D. Young, who in 1863 had petitioned for a division of the lower Ballona Valley land. A decree dividing it into 23 sections was issued in 1868.[7] Each of the 23 long narrow parcels was to have three types of land: "pasture", "irrigable"; and "bay" (Santa Monica Bay).[7] The largest allotment of the former rancho, on the bluff northwest of Ballona Valley to the boundary with Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica, was to the "Estate of Augustin Machado", and by a later partition in 1875 this allotment was re-divided among the "Heirs of Augustin Machado".[7][8][9][10] Camp LathamDuring the Civil War General George Wright ordered troops to secure Port Ballona against a possible seizure by pro-Confederates, and by 1862 6,000 Union troops were stationed Port Ballona. Their post was named Camp Latham, after Milton Latham. Machado familyJosé Manuel Machado (1756–1810) married María de la Luz Valenzuela Y Avilas in 1780, and traveled in Rivera's 1781 expedition to Alta California. In 1781, Machado retired to the Pueblo de Los Angeles. Two of his sons, José Agustín Antonio Machado and José Ygnacio Antonio Machado, tried unsuccessfully for some time to get grazing rights on land near the pueblo. Augustin Machado (1794–1865)Agustín Machado married María Petra Buelna in 1824, but she died while giving birth to their first child, Juan Bautista (1826–1907). In 1827, Machado married Ramona Sepúlveda, the daughter of Francisco Sepulveda, and they had 14 children: María Josefa Delfina (1827–1828), Martina Magdalena (1829–1872), Vicenta Ferrer Machado (1831–1894), José Domingo (1833–1882), José Dolores Machado (1835–1906), María Ascencion Machado (1837–1912), Susana, José Franciso (1841–1888), Bernardino Machado (1843–1911), Candelaria Onofre Machado (1844–1907), José Ramón Tomás (1846–1847), Jose Juan Rafael Machado (1846–1930), Andres Manuel (1849–1929), and José de la Luz de los Reyes (1853–1923).[11] Cattle and sheep rancher Juan Moreno sold the Rancho Santa Rosa to Augustin in 1855. Subsequently, Abel Stearns sold the nearby Rancho La Laguna to Augustin Machado in 1858. This later acquisition also was the site of one of the Butterfield Overland Mail stage stations until 1861.
Ygnacio Machado (1797–1878)In 1826, Ygnacio Machado married Estefana Palomares they had 7 children: Luisa, Versabe, María, José, Andres, Francisco and Rafael. Ygnacio Machado was the grantee of Rancho Aguaje de la Centinela in 1837. In 1845, Machado traded the rancho to Bruno Avila, brother of Antonio Avila, for a small tract in the Pueblo of Los Angeles.[13] Talamantes familyFelipe Talamantes (1771–1856)Luis Felipe Talamantes was a retired Soldier between 1783–84 when he went with Juan Jose Dominguez to be Majordomo of the Rancho San Pedro. He went back to Baja, California to get married 1792. Felipe brought his wife Idlefonza Avila and son Tomas back to the Pueblo of Los Angeles in 1794. Felipe and Idlefonza's children were Tomas, Pablo Antonio, Maria de Los Angeles, Felipe, and Jose Nicodemus. Tomás Talamantes (1792–1873)Tomas Talamantes married Maria Petronila Olivas and had 8 children. He forfeited his one fourth interest in Rancho La Ballona for nonpayment of a loan in 1857. See also
References1. ^1 diseno Rancho La Ballona 2. ^1 1900 USGS topographic map{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 3. ^1 Map of old Spanish and Mexican ranchos in Los Angeles County 4. ^Ingersoll's Century History, Santa Monica Bay Cities, p.137 – 139 5. ^United States. District Court (California : Southern District)Land Case 123 SD 6. ^Report of the Surveyor General 1844–1886 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320000647/http://www.slc.ca.gov/Misc_Pages/Historical/Surveyors_General/reports/Willey_1884_1886.pdf |date=2013-03-20}} 7. ^1 2 Huntington Digital Library: "Map of the Rancho "La Ballona" (circa 1867) . accessed 28 August 2016. 8. ^Mary Sainte Therese Wittenburg, 1973, The Machados & Rancho La Ballona: The story of the land and its ranchero, Jose Agustin Antonio Machado, with a genealogy of the Machado family, Dawson's Book Shop {{ISBN|978-0-87093-164-2}} 9. ^Robinson, W. W. (William Wilcox), 1939, Culver City : a calendar of events in which is included, also, the story of Palms and Playa Del Rey together with Rancho la Ballona and Rancho Rincon de los Bueyes, Title Guarantee and Trust Co, Los Angeles. 10. ^Ranchos and the Politics of Land Claims by Karen Clay and Werner Troesken 11. ^Woodlawn Cemetery 12. ^Supervisor Francisco Machado 13. ^{{cite book |last=Hoover |first=Mildred B. |last2=Rensch |first2=Hero |last3=Rensch |first3=Ethel |last4=Abeloe |first4=William N. |title=Historic Spots in California |year=1966 |publisher=Stanford University Press |url= |isbn=978-0-8047-4482-9}} External links
15 : California ranchos|Ranchos of Los Angeles County, California|Westside (Los Angeles County)|History of Los Angeles|History of Santa Monica, California|Culver City, California|Mar Vista, Los Angeles|Marina del Rey, California|Palms, Los Angeles|Playa del Rey, Los Angeles|Playa Vista, Los Angeles|Venice, Los Angeles|1839 in Alta California|1839 establishments in California|19th century in Los Angeles |
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