| 词条 | Randa, Switzerland |
| 释义 |
| subject_name = Randa | municipality_name = Randa | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Randa.jpg | image_caption = Randa village | imagepath_coa = Randa.wappen.png|pixel_coa= | map = | languages = German | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = Visp |coordinates = {{coord|46|06|N|7|47|E|display=inline,title}} |lat_NS=N|long_EW=E | postal_code = 3928 | municipality_code = 6287 | area = 54.53 | elevation = 1406|elevation_description= | population = 424|populationof=2002 | website = www.randa.ch | mayor = Leo Jörger |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = Wildi | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= Ayer, Oberems, Saas Fee, Sankt Niklaus, Täsch, Zermatt | twintowns = |}} Randa is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It is located between the Weisshorn and the Dom in the Matter Valley. HistoryRanda is first mentioned in 1305 as Randa.[1] In 1819, the village was almost totally destroyed by the blast from a huge avalanche that fell nearby.[1] In 1991, a portion of the village was flooded following a large rockslide from a cliff above the town. The village is popular for tourists wishing to visit the area, as it is reachable by car and rail, and has a campsite which offers a taxi service to Zermatt, a car-free town. The train-line, known as the Glacier Express also connects to Zermatt offering visitors many ways to access the town. GeographyRanda has an area, {{as of|2011|lc=on}}, of {{convert|54.5|km2|mi2|sp=us}}. Of this area, 8.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and 81.5% is unproductive land.[3] The municipality is located in the Visp district, in the Matter valley. It consists of the village of Randa and the hamlets of Lerch, Wildi and Attermänze. Coat of armsThe blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Divided by a Bend Argent, Gules a Mullet [of Six] of the First and Vert an Edelweiss proper slipped.[2] DemographicsRanda has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-VS}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-VS|6287}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VS}} {{as of|2008}}, 22.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[3] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of -9.7%. It has changed at a rate of -3.5% due to migration and at a rate of -2.8% due to births and deaths.[4] Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (320 or 79.2%) as their first language, Albanian is the second most common (55 or 13.6%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (17 or 4.2%). There is 1 person who speaks French, 1 person who speaks Italian.[7] {{as of|2008}}, the population was 46.7% male and 53.3% female. The population was made up of 133 Swiss men (33.9% of the population) and 50 (12.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 160 Swiss women (40.8%) and 49 (12.5%) non-Swiss women.[5] Of the population in the municipality, 240 or about 59.4% were born in Randa and lived there in 2000. There were 51 or 12.6% who were born in the same canton, while 26 or 6.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 84 or 20.8% were born outside of Switzerland.[7]{{as of|2000}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27.7% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12.6%.[4]{{as of|2000}}, there were 195 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 188 married individuals, 16 widows or widowers and 5 individuals who are divorced.[6]{{as of|2000}}, there were 146 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.8 persons per household.[4] There were 40 households that consist of only one person and 22 households with five or more people. {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 145 apartments (43.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 151 apartments (44.8%) were seasonally occupied and 41 apartments (12.2%) were empty.[7] The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}, was 0.29%.[4]The historical population is given in the following chart:[8][9] Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:420 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:80 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:16 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1798 from:start till:140 text:"140" bar:1850 from:start till:161 text:"161" bar:1860 from:start till:198 text:"198" bar:1870 from:start till:216 text:"216" bar:1880 from:start till:201 text:"201" bar:1888 from:start till:228 text:"228" bar:1900 from:start till:271 text:"271" bar:1910 from:start till:316 text:"316" bar:1920 from:start till:334 text:"334" bar:1930 from:start till:292 text:"292" bar:1941 from:start till:359 text:"359" bar:1950 from:start till:369 text:"369" bar:1960 from:start till:412 text:"412" bar:1970 from:start till:345 text:"345" bar:1980 from:start till:367 text:"367" bar:1990 from:start till:339 text:"339" bar:2000 from:start till:404 text:"404" PoliticsIn the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 72.09% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (12.69%), the SVP (11.9%) and the Green Party (1.66%). In the federal election, a total of 166 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 59.3%.[10] In the 2009 Conseil d'Etat/Staatsrat election a total of 147 votes were cast, of which 14 or about 9.5% were invalid. The voter participation was 54.2%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 54.67%.[11] In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 164 votes were cast, of which 6 or about 3.7% were invalid. The voter participation was 59.6%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 59.88%.[12] Economy{{as of|2010|In 2010}}, Randa had an unemployment rate of 3.1%. {{as of|2008}}, there were 32 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 11 businesses involved in this sector. 46 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 6 businesses in this sector. 35 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 11 businesses in this sector.[4] There were 188 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.0% of the workforce.{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 86. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 13, of which 6 were in agriculture and 7 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 46 of which 9 or (19.6%) were in manufacturing and 37 (80.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 27. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 2 or 7.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 12 or 44.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was the insurance or financial industry, 2 or 7.4% were technical professionals or scientists, 5 or 18.5% were in education.[13]{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 19 workers who commuted into the municipality and 138 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 7.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[14] Of the working population, 46.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 35.6% used a private car.[4]ReligionFrom the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 328 or 81.2% were Roman Catholic, while 11 or 2.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 4 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.99% of the population). There were 55 (or about 13.61% of the population) who were Islamic. 1 (or about 0.25% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 5 individuals (or about 1.24% of the population) did not answer the question.[6] EducationIn Randa about 178 or (44.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 13 or (3.2%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 13 who completed tertiary schooling, 76.9% were Swiss men, 15.4% were Swiss women.[6] {{as of|2000}}, there was one student in Randa who came from another municipality, while 28 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[14]References1. ^Lane, F.W. The Elements Rage (David & Charles 1966), p. 83 2. ^Flags of the World.com accessed 3 October 2011 3. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 {{de icon}} accessed 19 June 2010 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 3 October 2011 5. ^Ständige Wohnbevolkerung nach Geschlecht und Heimat am 31.12.2009.xls {{de icon}} {{fr icon}} accessed 24 August 2011 6. ^1 2 3 4 STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809142611/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=9 August 2013 }} {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 7. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=7 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 8. ^1 {{HDS|2809|Randa}} 9. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=30 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011 10. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton {{de icon}} accessed 28 May 2010 11. ^Staatsratswahlen vom 1. März 2009 {{de icon}} accessed 24 August 2011 12. ^Ständeratswahl 2007 {{de icon}} accessed 24 August 2011 13. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=25 December 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 14. ^1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php |date=4 August 2012 }} {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010 External links{{commons category|Randa}}
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