词条 | Randy Lanier | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| name = Randy Lanier | image = | imagesize = | caption = | nationality = American | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|9|22}} | birth_place = Lynchburg, Virginia | death_date = | retired = | related to = | last series = CART | years active = 1985–1986 | teams = Arciero Racing | starts = 18 | wins = | poles = | fastest laps = | best finish = 6th | year = 1986 | prev series = IMSA GT Championship | prev series years = 1981–1986 | titles = 1 | title years = 1984 | awards = Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year | award years = 1986 }}{{Infobox Le Mans driver | Years = 1982 | Team(s) = NART/T-Bird Racing | Best Finish = 49th | Class Wins = 0 | }} Randy Thomas Lanier (born 22 September 1954) is a professional race car driver and convicted drug trafficker from the United States. He is notable for winning the 1984 IMSA Camel GT title as a wholly independent team, despite facing up to well funded and supported oppositions and the team's questionable source of income. Personal lifeLanier was born in Virginia to a father who was a draftsman and his mother was a caretaker at a psychiatric hospital. At age 13, he moved to Hollywood in South Florida where he attended Miramar High School. When he was caught with an ounce of cannabis, he dropped out of high school to avoid suspension but later earned his GED. Lanier worked in construction to make a living.[1] In 1976 he married his childhood sweetheart. They had a daughter, Brandie in 1980 and a son Glen in 1987, who was named after Lanier's younger brother who was killed in a motorcycle accident at the age of 16. He has other siblings as well.[2] In 1986, Lanier became romantically involved with Maria De La Luz Maggi.[2] Motorsports careerLanier began his motorsport career in 1978, following a meeting with the Sports Car Club of America at an auto show taking place in Miami Beach Convention Center on how to make a start in racing, he bought himself a 1957 Porsche 356 Speedster, where he used it to compete in E Production at the SCCA Southeast Regional Championship, eventually winning the class in 1980.[3] He made his IMSA Camel GT series debut at the 1981 Daytona Finale, partnering Dale Whittington, finishing 30th. The following season at the 24 Hours of Daytona, he was approached by a crew member for the North American Racing Team to fill in for Janet Guthrie, who was unable to race due to illness. Partnering with Bob Wollek and Edgar Dören, the trio ran in 3rd place for 18 hours until their run ended[3] when Lanier took over at dawn on his first lap, considered by fellow driver Desiré Wilson to be unsuited to drive as he had been seen previously acting nervously in the pits, he drove the car off course destroying the suspension[4] He was invited by the same team to partner with Preston Henn and Denis Morin at the 24 Hours of Le Mans,[3] retiring after they ran out of fuel.[5] At Lanier's fifth race at the 6 Hours of Mosport, he brought an ex-works March 82G Chevrolet, scoring his first podium finish with a third, and then another at the Mid-Ohio 6 Hours.[6] In 1984, after driving for a variety of teams in the previous seasons, including a 2nd at the 24 Hours of Daytona, he formed his own team, Blue Thunder Racing, with Bill Whittington and crew chief Keith Leyton consisting of two March GTPs[3] regardless of cost.[11] Earlier in the season, Whittington led the season, allowing Lanier to take over after the Charlotte 500 km. With help of Whittington, who taught Lanier how to set up the car and driving,[7] he took six wins, enough to score a driver's championship with one race to remain along with the Most Improved Driver award, despite having a lack of sponsorship and being a wholly independent team, unsupported by March Engineering.[7][14] Another reason for success was that the team employed the services of talented engine builder Ryan Falconer, who rebuilt the engines after each race.[7] Lanier began to focus on his Indycar career, with the hope of winning the Indianapolis 500.[11] He drove for Arciero Racing, intending to commit full-time for the 1986 season.[3] For the following season, Lanier would also drive for Joest Racing for both Daytona 24 Hours and Miami. After a poor form in the previous year, Lanier would improve his form by finishing six of the nine races he entered including his 10th-place finish at the Indy 500, winning the Rookie of The Year honor and taking the fastest qualifying time for a rookie that year, an average of 209.964 MPH[11] beating the previous record set by Michael Andretti in 1984.[8] His final race was at the Michigan 500 where he collided into a wall at 214 MPH following a tire blow out, breaking his right femur and was shortly arrested.[9] Prior to that, he drove in 18 CART races in 1985 and 1986. A year after his release from federal custody, Lanier returned to the track, coaching and racing with Rally Baby Racing, and the Road & Track teams in BMW E30s at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course in the American Endurance Racing series.[10] Drug conviction and imprisonment{{Infobox criminal| name = | image_size = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = race car driver | conviction_status = Released October 2014 | children =2 | parents = | motive = criminal enterprise | conviction = engaging in a Continuing Criminal Enterprise and conspiring to distribute more than 1,000 pounds of marijuana | image_name = | image_caption = | cause = | alias = | charge = | conviction_penalty = life without parole }} His growing up in Florida during his youth has been suggested as a potential precursor to his involvement in the drug trade in 1978.[2][3] Lanier, shortly after moving into Broward County, discovered cannabis at 14 when be began enjoying it recreationally. At 15, he began to sell drugs on the side. At the age of 20, he bought a $18,000 27-feet long Magnum go-fast boat,[1] for recreational use, with money he made as a marijuana dealer. Later as suggested by a friend, he took the opportunity to use this to smuggle a ton of marijuana out of the Bahamas and took this as an opportunity to make a small sideline to his personal water craft rental business.[1][9] He later took to Ben Kramer, who raced in offshore powerboat racing, as a business partner. Together, their haul grew from a 65-foot wooden trawler[9] that were used to carry 18,000lbs of drugs[1] to a fleet of tugboats that was used to haul barges.[9] As Lanier defeated the heavily sponsored and factory supported oppositions of the Group 44 Racing Jaguar XJR-5 and Löwenbräu-sponsored Holbert Racing Porsche 962, the sudden racing successes began to raise questions about the team's source of finance[7] and thus Lanier was under investigation from the FBI.[11]{{#tag:ref|Lanier claimed his source of financial aid came from his Blue Thunder fabrication shop in Davie and a former watersports rental company in Hollywood.|group=Note}}[8] Lanier along with Eugene Fischer[12] and Ben Kramer, owner of Apache boats; and twelve others[13] ran a multimillion-dollar drugs empire between 1982 and 1986 when the arrest took place.[14] Kramer was the great-nephew and one of the putative heirs of the top boss of the U.S. crime syndicate, Meyer Lansky.[15] A week prior to the Indy time trials, his former driving partner Bill Whittington was arrested and Lanier's name began to surface. Shortly after his Indy 500 drive, he made his largest haul[9] of 165,000 lbs[1] and had considered retiring from the drugs trade.[9] Months after an Illinois dealer was arrested when a local state trooper discovered a small haul of cannabis in a broken down truck.[8] Lanier's business partner and brother-in-law,[16] Ronald Harris Ball, was arrested and denied bail.[1] Many of these narcotics were distributed in Illinois, therefore he was indicted by Judge James L. Foreman[1] in the Southern District of Illinois in January 1987.[2] He was convicted of importing and distributing over 300 tons of Colombian marijuana,[17][18] believed to be worth $68 million by prosecuters[19] and was due to be sentenced when he disappeared.[20] He was believed to had fled to Puerto Rico[21] but he fled first to France, where he went into hiding in Monte Carlo but later went into hiding in Antigua where he kept properties,[1] he was later arrested there on October 26[2] whilst fishing.[9] Lanier had also cut a deal after his arrest for conspiracy to distribute pot, but at the last minute refused to testify against Jack Kramer, father of Ben.[53] Randy Lanier and his partner Ben Kramer received life without parole sentences on 4 October 1988[17] under the newly enacted Continuing Criminal Enterprise statute (also known as the "Super Drug Kingpin" law), owing to their refusal to cooperate with the prosecution. The Whittington brothers who were also involved received a lighter sentence. Lanier filed an appeal based on the fact that later RICO convictions were not nearly as lengthy, but lost the appeal.[22] He was initially placed in Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary and was later transferred to the higher security United States Penitentiary I in Coleman.[23] He spent his time in prison exercising, playing chess and answering letters sent by race fans.[24] Maggi, who married Lanier on August 31, 1990 at Oxford Federal Correctional Institution in Wisconsin.,[2] was sentenced on April 30, 1993 to nine years in prison for money laundering. She pleaded guilty in September the year previously to conspiracy and obstruction[18] and later successfully appealed to have it reduced from 108 months to 97.[25] She was released in 1999: by that time she was no longer married to Lanier.[26] Release from prisonOtherwise serving a life sentence, for reasons undisclosed under sealed motions, Lanier was scheduled to be released from prison, with a discharge date of October 15, 2014,[27] which was reportedly confirmed to Autoweek magazine insiders by Jim Porter, first assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois. The Federal Bureau of Prisons website also confirmed Lanier's date of discharge conditional to the requirement that he spends a six-month duration in a halfway house before entering a three-year-long supervised release into society where will be disallowed alcohol and / or firearms. Lanier stated that he had a job awaiting him at a classic car museum in Florida,[28] said to be for Preston Henn, owner of Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop.[1] In 2015 Lanier took part in a race in Mid Ohio, driving for Rally Baby Racing, which was covered in-depth by Road & Track magazine.[29] Motorsports career resultsAmerican open–wheel racing results(key) CART
Indy 500 results{{col-begin|width=auto}}{{col-break}}
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
Complete IMSA GT results
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web|url=http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/former-racecar-star-randy-lanier-finds-freedom-after-life-sentence-for-smuggling-pot-6908859|title=Former Racecar Star Randy Lanier Finds Freedom After Life Sentence for Smuggling Pot|author=Ray Downs|work=New Times Broward-Palm Beach}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F3/44/478/512856/ |title=United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Maria D. Maggi, Also Known As Maria D. Wolleter, Also known as Maria L. Maggi, Also Known As Maria M. Lanier,also Known As Maria "lucca" Lanier,defendant-appellant - 44 F.3d 478 - Justia US Court of Appeals Cases and Opinions |publisher=Cases.justia.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-12}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.indycaradvocate.com/2012/04/off-course-interview-with-randy-lanier.html|title=IndyCar Advocate: Off Course: An Interview With Randy Lanier|publisher=indycaradvocate.com|accessdate=2015-04-13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118145226/http://www.indycaradvocate.com/2012/04/off-course-interview-with-randy-lanier.html|archivedate=2015-01-18|df=}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndAskfAnI2UC&pg=PA114&dq=randy+lanier&hl=en&sa=X&ei=kHRjVfT9GYqBUanpgoAL&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=randy%20lanier&f=false|title=Driven by Desire|work=google.co.uk}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/photo/Le_Mans-1982-06-20.html|title=Le Mans 24 Hours 1982 - Photo Gallery - Racing Sports Cars|publisher=racingsportscars.com|accessdate=2015-04-13}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.johnstarkeycars.com/pages/articles/articles_13.html|title=JOHN STARKEY CARS :: GRYFON INC.|publisher=johnstarkeycars.com|accessdate=2015-04-13|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040411144550/http://www.johnstarkeycars.com/pages/articles/articles_13.html|archivedate=2004-04-11|df=}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.imsahistory.com/Articles9/BlueThunderRacing.html|title=http://www.imsahistory.com/Articles9/BlueThunderRacing.html|publisher=|accessdate=3 June 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130802013136/http://www.imsahistory.com/Articles9/BlueThunderRacing.html|archivedate=2 August 2013|df=}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://jalopnik.com/the-man-who-turned-speedboats-full-of-weed-into-indy-50-1644603033|title=The Man Who Turned Speedboats Full Of Weed Into Indy 500 Glory|author=Patrick George|work=Jalopnik}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|url=http://www.maxim.com/cars/racing/article/untold-story-randy-lanier-indy-500-star-and-drug-smuggler|title=The Untold Story of Randy Lanier, Indy 500 Star and Drug Smuggler|work=maxim.com}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.roadandtrack.com/motorsports/features/a27207/randy-lanier-first-race/|title=How I Got Back in a Race Car After Drug Trafficking Sent Me to Prison for 26 Years|date=3 November 2015|publisher=|accessdate=3 June 2016}} 11. ^1 The History of the IMSA GTP Series, J. A. Martin & Ken Wells, David Bull Publishing, {{ISBN|1-893618-01-3}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/955/479/447981/|title=United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Benjamin Barry Kramer, Randy Thomas Lanier, Eugene Albertfischer, and Kay Dee Bell, Jr., Defendants-appellants, 955 F.2d 479 (7th Cir. 1992) :: Justia|publisher=law.justia.com|accessdate=2015-04-13}} 13. ^{{cite web|author=AP |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE7D71538F93BA35753C1A961948260&scp=6&sq=Randy%20Lanier&st=cse |title=Guilty Pleas Entered by 11 In Smuggling of Marijuana - The |publisher=New York Times |date=1987-10-08 |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/59895806.html?dids=59895806:59895806&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+22,+1988&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Driver+Randy+Lanier+Gets+Life+in+Prison&pqatl=google |title=Driver Randy Lanier Gets Life in Prison |publisher=Pqasb.pqarchiver.com |date=1988-12-22 |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 15. ^{{cite book|title=Freedom, a Fading Illusion|author=Umpenhour, C.M.|date=2005|publisher=BookMakers Ink|isbn=9780972678957|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xqnttywPs24C|page=438|accessdate=2015-04-13}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/995/995.F2d.662.91-3143.91-2563.91-2297.html|title=995 F.2d 662|date=12 July 1993|work=resource.org}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DA1331F931A15751C1A96E948260 |title=SPORTS PEOPLE: AUTO RACING; Driver Jailed - The |publisher=New York Times |date=1988-12-22 |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 18. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.crrh.org/hempnews/hn_06.html#wife%20of |title=Hemp News No. 6 |publisher=Crrh.org |date=1993-05-01 |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-176655936.html |title=Article: 1989.(50th Anniversary countdown) - AutoWeek | HighBeam Research - FREE trial |publisher=Highbeam.com |date=2008-03-10 |accessdate=2009-11-11}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDC1731F935A35751C0A961948260 |title=SPORTS PEOPLE; Randy Lanier Sought - The |publisher=New York Times |date=1987-02-06 |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE6DD1738F934A15753C1A961948260&scp=4&sq=Randy%20Lanier&st=cse |title=SPORTS PEOPLE; Comings and Goings - The |publisher=New York Times |date=1987-10-27 |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/printer_friendly.pl?page=7th/982689.html |title=FindLaw: Cases and Codes |publisher=Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com |date= |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=randy&Middle=&LastName=lanier&Race=W&Sex=M&Age=&x=73&y=11 |title=Federal Bureau of Prisons |publisher=Bop.gov |date=2007-03-30 |accessdate=2009-11-11}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oldracingcars.com/drivers/watn/?Letter=L&Category=Indy500|title=Where are they now? « The Indy 500 drivers (L) « OldRacingCars.com|author=Allen Brown|publisher=oldracingcars.com|accessdate=2015-04-13}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://openjurist.org/62/f3d/1419/united-states-v-de-la-luz-maggi |title=62 F3d 1419 United States v. De La Luz Maggi |publisher=Open Jurist |date= |accessdate=2009-11-12}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Maria&Middle=&LastName=Maggi&Race=U&Sex=F&Age=&x=92&y=11 |title=Federal Bureau of Prisons |publisher=Bop.gov |date= |accessdate=2009-11-12}} 27. ^{{cite web|last1=Veksler|first1=Marie|title=Racing Sensation Turned Marijuana Kingpin Released From Prison Today|url=https://www.whaxy.com/news/Randy-Lanier-Out-Of-Prison|website=Whaxy|accessdate=14 April 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224646/https://www.whaxy.com/news/Randy-Lanier-Out-Of-Prison|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}} 28. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Saraceno|first1=Jon|title=The 225,000 Hours of Randy Lanier|journal=Autoweek|date=October 27, 2014|volume=64|issue=21|pages=53–55|url=http://autoweek.com/article/indycar/former-indycar-driver-randy-lanier-set-prison-release|accessdate=2014-12-02}} 29. ^http://www.roadandtrack.com/motorsports/features/a27207/randy-lanier-first-race/ 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mecum.com/auctions/lot_detail.cfm?LOT_ID=CA0812-137568|title=1977 Porsche 935 Desperado Factory Built Racecar | Mecum Auctions|publisher=mecum.com|accessdate=2015-04-13}} Sources{{Reflist|30em}}External links
Rookie of the Year| years = 1986 | before = Arie Luyendyk | after = Fabrizio Barbazza}}{{succession box|before=Al Holbert|title=IMSA GT champion|years=1984|after=Al Holbert}}{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lanier, Randy}} 15 : 1954 births|20th-century American racing drivers|Indianapolis 500 drivers|Indianapolis 500 Rookies of the Year|Champ Car drivers|Atlantic Championship drivers|American cannabis traffickers|American prisoners and detainees|Living people|Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government|American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment|Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government|IMSA GT Championship drivers|Sportspeople from Lynchburg, Virginia|Racing drivers from Virginia |
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