| 词条 | Raorchestes tinniens |
| 释义 |
| image = Davidraju img f5.jpg | image_caption = Raorchestes tinniens | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Raorchestes tinniens | authority = (Jerdon, 1853) | synonyms = Philautus tinniens (Jerdon, 1854) Ixalus montanus Günther, 1876 Ixalus punctatus Anderson, 1871 Philautus melanensis Rao, 1937 }}Raorchestes tinniens is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills, a part of the Western Ghats, in Tamil Nadu, southern India.[2] It has a rather complicated taxonomic history, and there is still an open issue whether Ixalus montanus Günther, 1876 from Kudremukh (Karnataka), now in synonymy with Raorchestes tinniens, is indeed a valid species.[3] DescriptionMale Raorchestes tinniens measure about {{convert|18|-|22|mm|abbr=on}} in snout-vent length of and females {{convert|25|-|28|mm|abbr=on}}. Dorsum is grey–brown and iris is dark-blackish brown. Flanks and groin are dark-brownish black, and belly is coarsely granular. "Ixalus montanus" from Kudremukh are larger, mean size for males and females being {{convert|29|mm|abbr=on}} and {{convert|36|mm|abbr=on}}, respectively. They are also yellowish brown (instead dark brown) in their flanks and groin.[3] Distribution and habitatRaorchestes tinniens is known from the Nilgiri Hills and surroundings. It is a terrestrial species found on the ground or low in the vegetation. It is associated with montane tropical moist evergreen forests, but can also be found in grasslands and modified areas close to forests.[1][3] It is a common species within its distribution area, but it is threatened by habitat loss and believed to be declining.[1]ReproductionMales call even during the daytime. Raorchestes tinniens has direct development. Eggs are laid in a hole in a ground. Froglets hatch after about 19 days.[3] References1. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | author = Biju, S.D. | author2 = Dasaramji Buddhe, G. | author3 = Dutta, S. | author4 = Vasudevan, K. | author5 = Srinivasulu, C. | author6 = Vijayakumar, S.P. | last-author-amp = yes | title = Raorchestes tinniens | journal = The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume = 2004 | page = e.T58926A86247871 | publisher = IUCN | date = 2004 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/58926/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58926A11857942.en | access-date = 3 January 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=names&taxon=Raorchestes+tinniens |title=Raorchestes tinniens (Jerdon, 1854) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2013 |work=Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=13 November 2013}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal | last1 = Biju | first1 = S. D.| authorlink1 = Sathyabhama Das Biju| last2 = Bossuyt | first2 = F. | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x | title = Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 155 | issue = 2 | pages = 374–444| year = 2009 | pmid = | pmc = }} External links{{Commons category|Raorchestes tinniens}}
5 : Raorchestes|Frogs of India|Endemic fauna of the Western Ghats|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot|Amphibians described in 1853 |
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