| 词条 | Rastrum |
| 释义 |
A rastrum (or raster) is a five-pointed writing implement used in music manuscripts to draw parallel staff lines when drawn horizontally across a blank piece of sheet music. The word "raster" is derived from the Latin for "rake". Rastra were used to draw lines on paper that had not been pre-ruled, and were widely used in Europe until printed staff paper became cheap and common in the nineteenth century. Some rastra are able to draw more than one staff at a time. Rastrology, the study of the use of the rastrum, is a branch of music manuscript studies that uses information about the rastrum to help find the date and provenance of musical materials. Modern variantsIn recent years, rastra made of five ballpoint pens have been marketed to students and composers. It was common in primary and secondary schools to use rastra that use chalk on a chalk board for music education. They may be called staff liners. An alternative is to use a chalk board with staff lines etched in or taped on. Some rastra hold markers for use on whiteboards. Another variant is the so-called "Stravigor", a wheeled instrument that Stravinsky attempted to patent around 1911.[1][2] He used them extensively in his compositional sketchbooks. References1. ^{{cite book | title = Stravinsky: a creative spring : Russia and France, 1882-1934 | author = Stephen Walsh | publisher = University of California Press | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-520-22749-1 | page = 609 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=g2qDY2agomIC&pg=PA609&dq=stravigor+patent&ei=s4UlSumEIo62zASQ98ToBg }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://ml.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/89/3/444|title=Music and Letters - Oxford Academic|website=OUP Academic}} Further reading
| title = Kritische Terminologie für Musiker und Musikfreunde | author = Carl Gollmick | publisher = G. A. Lauten | year = 1833 | isbn = | page = 58 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zRkQAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA207&dq=rastrum+linienzieher-zu-noten&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES&ei=mFbdSbHQDJqGkASp3O3hDg{{Pens}} 4 : Musical notation|Writing implements|Pens|Musicology |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。