| 词条 | Raymond Sackler |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox person | name = Raymond Sackler | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1920|02|16}} | birth_place = Brooklyn, New York, United States | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|07|17|1920|02|16}} | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | education = {{Plainlist|
}} | alma_mater = {{Plainlist|New York UniversityMiddlesex University School of Medicine }} | occupation = Physician and pharmaceuticals entrepreneur | years_active = | known_for = Opioid Crisis, Philanthropist, art collector | net_worth = $13 billion (2016)[1] | boards = | spouse = Beverly Feldman | children = {{Plainlist|
}} | relatives = {{Plainlist|
}} | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = }}Raymond Sackler (February 16, 1920 – July 17, 2017)[2][3] was an American physician, billionaire entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Raymond Sackler was, together with his brother Mortimer Sackler, owner of Purdue Pharma, the developer of OxyContin.[4][5][6] Sackler, along with his brother Arthur, have been linked with the rise of direct pharmaceutical marketing and eventually to the rise of addiction to OxyContin in the United States.[5] There are concerns that the Sackler family's philanthropy is related to laundering of profits acquired from the misselling of opiates[7] which contributed to the opioid epidemic in North America.[8] Early lifeBorn in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family, in 1920, Sackler was educated at Erasmus High School, and attended New York University where he received a bachelor's degree in 1938. Due to Jewish quotas imposed by the major U.S. medical schools during that era, he pursued medical education starting at Anderson College of Medicine in Glasgow, Scotland.[9] When World War II began, he stayed in Scotland and volunteered in the British Home Guard and also served as a plane spotter.[10] He returned to the U.S. and completed his studies at Middlesex University School of Medicine (a school on the site of current day Brandeis University in Waltham, MA.) where he received an MD in 1944. Sackler married Beverly Feldman in 1944. They had two sons, Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler. Medical careerSackler was certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (P) in 1957, and was a Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association.[11] Sackler, with his two brothers, Arthur and Mortimer, co-founded the Creedmoor Institute for Psychobiological Studies in New York City, where they engaged in research in the psycho-biology of schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis. They received two awards from the Medical Society of the State of New York: the First Award for Scientific Research; and one year later, Honorable Mention for Scientific Research. Pharmaceutical businessWith lessons learned in research, Sackler and his brother Mortimer transitioned into the development of numerous pharmaceutical, manufacturing, and research companies, Sackler being closely associated with the now global reach of Purdue Pharma in the United States and Canada and Mundipharma, Ltd. in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Purdue Pharma, which is 100% privately owned and operated by the families of Raymond and Mortimer Sackler is well known for successful research and development, and particularly for marketing[5][4] the opiate drug Oxycontin and related compounds. Honors and awards (partial list)
ControversyOn October 30, 2017, The New Yorker published a multi-page exposé on Raymond Sackler, Purdue Pharma, and the Sackler family.[5] The article links Raymond and Arthur Sackler's business acumen with the rise of direct pharmaceutical marketing and eventually to the rise of addiction to OxyContin in the United States. The article implies that Raymond Sackler bears some moral responsibility for the opioid epidemic in the United States.[5] In 2019, the New York Times revealed that Sackler had told company officials in 2008 to “measure our performance by Rx’s by strength, giving higher measures to higher strengths.”[13] This was verified by legally obtained documents tied to a new lawsuit filed in June 2018 by the Massachusetts attorney general, Maura Healey. The lawsuit claims that Purdue Pharma and members of the Sackler family knew that putting patients on high dosages of OxyContin for long periods increased the risks of serious side effects, including addiction. Nonetheless, they promoted higher dosages because stronger pain pills brought the company and the Sacklers the most profit. On February 1, 2019, Healey released unredacted documents showing that the Sacklers directed doctors to overprescribe the drug and listed doctors (under the code name "Region Zero") who overprescribed Oxycontin for the Sackler family's profit rather than patients' health.[14] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/igorbosilkovski/2017/07/22/raymond-sackler-one-of-the-brothers-who-introduced-oxycontin-dies-at-the-age-of-97/#b04b98f7609b|title=Raymond Sackler, Former CEO Of OxyContin Producer Purdue Pharma, Dies At 97|first=Igor|last=Bosilkovski|date=|website=forbes.com|accessdate=23 October 2017}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sackler, Raymond}}2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.benzinga.com/pressreleases/17/07/b9786374/dr-raymond-sackler-physician-and-supporter-of-research-science-dies-at-|title=Dr. Raymond Sackler, Physician and Supporter of Research Science, Dies at 97|website=Benzinga|accessdate=20 July 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/raymond-sackler-obituary?pid=1000000186123281|title=Raymond Sackler Obituary - Greenwich, Connecticut|first=|last=admin|date=18 July 2017|website=Legacy.com|accessdate=20 July 2017}} 4. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a12775932/sackler-family-oxycontin/|title=The Secretive Family Making Billions From the Opioid Crisis|date=2017-10-16|work=Esquire|access-date=2017-10-25|language=en}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain|title=The Family That Built an Empire of Pain|last=Keefe|first=Patrick Radden|author-link=Patrick Radden Keefe|date=2017-10-23|work=The New Yorker|access-date=2017-10-25|issn=0028-792X}} 6. ^{{cite news |last=Langer|first=Emily |title=Raymond Sackler, philanthropist and maker of OxyContin, dies at 97|work= Washington Post |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/raymond-sackler-philanthropist-and-maker-of-oxycontin-dies-at-97/2017/07/21/5c1306dc-6e1a-11e7-96ab-5f38140b38cc_story.html|date=July 21, 2017|access-date=December 29, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/feb/16/sackler-family-blood-money-disgrace-museums|title=Sackler Blood Money disgraces museums|date=|publisher=theguardian.com|accessdate=2018-10-17}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain|title=New Yorker Sackler Article|date=|publisher=newyorker.com|accessdate=2018-10-17}} 9. ^{{cite web |last=Roberts|first=Sam |title=Raymond Sackler, Psychopharmacology Pioneer and Philanthropist, Dies at 97|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/business/raymond-sackler-dead-of-purdue-pharma.html |date= July 19, 2017|website=The New York Times |accessdate= December 29, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://westfaironline.com/91787/dr-raymond-sackler-co-owner-purdue-pharma-dies-97/|title=Dr. Raymond Sackler, co-owner of Purdue Pharma, dies at 97|publisher=Fairfield County Business Journal|accessdate=24 July 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://thedoddcenter.uconn.edu/raymond-beverly-sackler-distinguished-lecture-series/about-the-sackler-lecture-series/|title=About the Sackler Lecture Series|website=University of Connecticut|access-date=18 July 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/reporter/1997-98/weekly/5744/4.html |title=Reporter 8/7/98: Congregation of the Regent House on 24 June 1998 |publisher=Admin.cam.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2015-09-19}} 13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/health/opioids-purdue-pharma-sackler.html|title=Sackler Scion’s Email Reveals Push for High-Dose OxyContin, New Lawsuit Disclosures Claim|last=Meier|first=Barry|date=2019-01-31|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-02-03|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Phrama L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., Richard Sackler, ... First Amended Complaint and Jury Demand|url=https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2019/01/31/Massachusetts%20AGO%20Amended%20Complaint%202019-01-31.pdf|page=104}} 13 : 1920 births|2017 deaths|People from Brooklyn|American people of Polish-Jewish descent|Physicians from New York (state)|Jewish American philanthropists|Erasmus Hall High School alumni|New York University alumni|Fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge|Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire|Sackler family|American billionaires|Philanthropists from New York (state) |
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