| 词条 | R. B. Braithwaite |
| 释义 |
| region = Western philosophy | era = Contemporary philosophy | name = R. B. Braithwaite | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FBA|size=100%}} | birth_name = Richard Bevan Braithwaite | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|01|15|df=yes}} | birth_place = Banbury, England | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|04|21|1900|01|15|df=yes}} | death_place = Cambridge, England | school_tradition = Analytic philosophy | alma_mater = King's College, Cambridge | main_interests = Philosophy of religion | influences = G. E. Moore[1] | influenced = Stephen Toulmin,[2] Imre Lakatos | notable_ideas = The existence of logical features common to all the sciences[3] The nature of religious belief }} Richard Bevan Braithwaite {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FBA}} (15 January 1900 – 21 April 1990), usually cited as R. B. Braithwaite, was an English philosopher who specialized in the philosophy of science, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. He was a lecturer in moral science at the University of Cambridge from 1934 to 1953, then Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy there from 1953 to 1967. He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1946 to 1947, and was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1957. LifeBraithwaite was born in Banbury, Oxfordshire, son of the historian of early Quaker history, William Charles Braithwaite.[4] He was educated at Sidcot School, Somerset (1911–14), and Bootham School,[5] York, 1914–18. As a conscientious objector in the First World War, he served in the Friends' Ambulance Unit. He entered King's College, Cambridge, in 1919 to study physics and mathematics, gaining a BA in 1923 and MA in 1926. He was a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge from 1924 to 1990. He was appointed Cambridge University Lecturer in Moral Sciences in 1928.[6] He was married (secondly) to the computational linguist and philosopher Margaret Masterman, with whom he founded the Epiphany Philosophers a group of (largely) Anglicans and Quakers seeking a new view of the relationship between philosophy and science (see the Pardshaw Dialogues, below). WorkAlthough he was positivistically inclined, Braithwaite was a Christian, having been brought up a Quaker and becoming an Anglican later. According to theologian Alister E. McGrath, Braithwaite's 1955 Eddington Memorial Lecture "An Empiricist's View of the Nature of Religious Belief"[7] is to date the most widely cited publication (e.g. by Anglican priest Don Cupitt) from a genre of 1970s–1980s theological works arguing that "God" and "religion" are human constructs—having no independent reality of their own—and that human dignity and freedom may best be advanced by systematic deconstruction of these two ideas, although Braithwaite himself had little sympathy for vague claims like these.[8] His major work was his book Scientific Explanation: A Study of the Function of Theory, Probability and Law in Science (1953) but, like his Eddington Lecture (above) it was his inaugural lecture ("Theory of Games as a Tool for the Moral Philosopher") that was his more original contribution: although a logician and philosopher of science, he had been elected to a chair of moral philosophy (ethics) about which he considered he knew little. His inaugural lecture attempted to bring what he did know about (the theory of games) into some relation with ethical reasoning and, in doing that, he effectively started a whole new field of study, namely, how game-theoretic considerations are related to ethical ones. It was Braithwaite's poker that Ludwig Wittgenstein reportedly brandished at Karl Popper during their confrontation at a Moral Sciences Club meeting in Braithwaite's rooms in King's. The implement subsequently disappeared. Publications
Notes1. ^Alice Ambrose, Morris Lazerowitz (eds.), [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7bRcSI5QvKAC&dq= G. E. Moore: Essays in Retrospect, Volume 3], Psychology Press, 2004, p. 25. 2. ^Sonja K. Foss, Karen A. Foss, Robert Trapp, Contemporary Perspectives on Rhetoric: 30th Anniversary Edition, Waveland Press, 2014, p. 116. 3. ^R. B. Braithwaite, Scientific Explanation: A Study of the Function of Theory, Probability and Law in Science, Cambridge University Press, 1953, p. 1. 4. ^stanford.edu 5. ^{{cite book|title=Bootham School Register|place=York, England|publisher=BOSA|first=Jenny | last=Woodland |year=2011|ref=harv}} 6. ^The Papers of Richard Bevan Braithwaite 7. ^Braithwaite, Richard. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QU44AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=An+empiricist%27s+view+of+the+nature+of+religious+belief&hl=en&ei=WxCITImVK4rmnAfx4pn6Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false "An Empiricist's View of the Nature of Religious Belief"] in Basil Mitchell (ed.). The Philosophy of Religion. Oxford University Press, 1970, pp. 72–91. 8. ^Alister E. McGrath. A Scientific Theology. Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2001, pp.74–75. Further reading{{refbegin}}
25 : 1900 births|1990 deaths|20th-century British philosophers|Alumni of King's College, Cambridge|Analytic philosophers|Anglican philosophers|Aristotelian philosophers|British conscientious objectors|British ethicists|Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club|Contemporary philosophers|Converts to Anglicanism|English philosophers|Fellows of King's College, Cambridge|Fellows of the British Academy|Former Quakers|Moral philosophers|People associated with the Friends' Ambulance Unit|People educated at Bootham School|People from Banbury|Philosophers of education|Philosophers of ethics and morality|Philosophers of religion|Philosophers of science|Presidents of the Aristotelian Society |
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