| 词条 | RDS-4 |
| 释义 |
|name = RDS-4 |picture = |picture_description = |country =Soviet Union |test_site =Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakh SSR |period =August 1953 |number_of_tests = 1 |test_type =Atmospheric Test |device_type =Fission |max_yield =Total yield {{convert|28|ktonTNT|lk=in}} |previous_test =RDS-6s |next_test =RDS-5 }}RDS-4 (also known as Tatyana)[1] was a Soviet nuclear bomb that was first tested at Semipalatinsk Test Site, on August 23, 1953. The device weighed approximately 1200 kg (2646 lb). The device was approximately one-third the size of the RDS-3.[2] The bomb was dropped from an IL-28 aircraft at an altitude of 11 km and exploded at 600 m, with a yield of 28 kt.[1][4] The Soviet Union's first mass-produced tactical nuclear weapon was based on the RDS-4 and remained in service until 1966.[5][3] It used a composite core of 4.2kg Pu-239 and 6.8kg 90% enriched U-235 [4] and had a nominal yield of 30 kilotons.[5] The bomb was delivered from a Tu-4 and Tu-16 aircraft.[5] A tactical weapon based on the RDS-4 was also used on September 14, 1954 during Snowball military exercise near Totskoye (similar to Western Desert Rock exercises), when the bomb was dropped by the Tu-4 bomber (the reverse-engineered Boeing B-29).[6][7] The purpose of this exercise was not to test the bomb itself, but the ability of using it while breaking through enemy defenses (presumably in West Germany). After the explosion Soviet jet fighters were sent to fly through the mushroom cloud while tanks and infantry were forced to move through ground zero. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.zavtra.ru/cgi/veil/data/zavtra/99/295/61.html |title=The Russian Atomic Bomb - 50 years - WebCite cache |date=July 27, 1999 |last=Mesnyankin |first=Petr |cite= |language=ru |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68tKQclUw |archivedate=July 3, 2012 }} 2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bukharin|first=Oleg|last2=Kadyshev|first2=Timur|last3=Miasnikov|first3=Eugene|last4=Sutyagin|first4=Igor|last5=Tarasenko|first5=Maxim|last6=Zhelezov|first6=Boris|date=2001|editor-last=Podvig|editor-first=pavel|title=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|url=|journal=|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=The MIT Press|volume=|pages=}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA72|title=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|last2=Podvig|first2=Pavel Leonardovich|date=January 2004|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-66181-2|pages=72–73|last1=Bukharin|first1=Oleg}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/interesting_document_on_soviet.shtml |title=Interesting document about Soviet nuclear tests in 1953 |cite= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170519101448/http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/interesting_document_on_soviet.shtml |archivedate= May 19, 2017}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiaweapons.html |title=Atomicforum:Soviet/Russian Nuclear Arsenal |cite= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080317191459/http://www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiaweapons.html |archivedate= March 17, 2008 }} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/radevents/1954USSR1.html|title=Totskoye nuclear test, 1954|last=|first=|date=|website=www.johnstonsarchive.net|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-13}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/issues/scientific/human-nuclear-experiments.htm|title=Nuclear Files: Human Nuclear Experiments|last=Ong|first=Carah|date=|website=www.nuclearfiles.org|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-13}} 3 : 1953 in the Soviet Union|Soviet nuclear weapons testing|Nuclear bombs of the Soviet Union |
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