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Records of heads of state

释义

Longest-reigning/serving
Monarch Male monarch Longest-reigning male monarch Longest current reigning male monarch Female monarch Longest-reigning female monarch Longest current reigning female monarch Republic Longest-serving male non-royal head of state President Male president Longest-serving and longest current serving male president Female president Longest-serving female non-royal head of state and longest serving female
Shortest serving
Ruling houses
Oldest
Post-nominal numbers
Physical attributes
Heaviest Tallest Shortest
Age
Youngest
See also
References

Heads of state throughout the world and at all periods of history may be ranked according to characteristics such as length of time holding that position; age of accession or death; or physical attributes. In this way world records in these characteristics may be identified, although the historical basis for such claims is frequently uncertain.

Longest-reigning/serving

Monarch

Male monarch

Longest-reigning male monarch

The longest-reigning male monarch ever known is disputed between the following candidates:

Minhti, who ruled the Kingdom of Arakan as an absolute monarch under the title of King of Arakan. He is believed to have ruled for 95 years; however, little documentary evidence exists for this claim.
Pepi II Neferkare, who ruled the Kingdom of Egypt as an absolute monarch under the title of Pharaoh of Egypt. He is believed to have ruled for either 94 or 64 years.
Taejo of Goguryeo, who ruled Goguryeo as an absolute monarch under the title of Taewang ("The Greatest of all Kings"). He is believed to have ruled for either 93 years or 68 years.

The longest undisputed reigning male monarch known is Sobhuza II, who ruled the Kingdom of Swaziland as an absolute monarch under the title of Paramount Chief of Swaziland and later King of Swaziland. He ruled for 82 years, 8 months, 11 days.

Longest current reigning male monarch

The longest current reigning male monarch is Hassanal Bolkiah, who is the Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan of Brunei ("(he) who is Lord"), an absolute monarch of Brunei Darussalam.

The longest current reigning constitutional male monarch is Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, who is the King of Sweden of the Kingdom of Sweden.

Female monarch

Longest-reigning female monarch

The longest reigning female monarch ever is Elizabeth II, who is currently the Queen of the United Kingdom and other commonwealth realms, and is a constitutional monarch. She has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, since February 6, 1952, but all of the other countries she is at present queen of had yet to gain independence at the time of her accession.

Longest current reigning female monarch

The longest current reigning female monarch is Elizabeth II, who is the Queen of the United Kingdom and other commonwealth realms, and is a constitutional monarch. She has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and New Zealand, since February 6, 1952, but all of the other countries she is at present queen of had yet to gain independence at the time of her accession.

Republic

Longest-serving male non-royal head of state

{{main|List of longest-ruling non-royal national leaders since 1900}}

The longest-serving non-royal head of state in the 20th and 21st centuries was Fidel Castro, who held the titles of Prime Minister of Cuba, First Secretary of the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the United Party for the Socialist Revolution of Cuba, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, President of the Council of State, and President of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Cuba. He served for 52 years, 2 months, and 3 days.

President

Male president

Longest-serving and longest current serving male president

{{main|List of current longest ruling non-royal national leaders}}

The longest-serving and longest current serving male president ever is Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, who is currently the President of Equatorial Guinea of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea.

Female president

Longest-serving female non-royal head of state and longest serving female

The longest serving female non-royal head of state and longest serving female president ever was Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, who was the President of the Republic of Iceland. She served for 16 years.

Shortest serving

The shortest serving monarch of all time is believed to be Louis XIX of France. After his father's abdication during the July Revolution on August 2, 1830, he ascended to the throne, but abdicated around 19 minutes later. This reign is disputed, as some historians believe this reign is too short to be valid. The next contender is the unnamed daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei who was appointed by her grandmother, Empress Dowager Hu. She reigned for a matter of hours until being replaced by Yuan Zhou.

Mexican politician Pedro Lascuráin served as the 34th President of Mexico for a short period of time ranging from 15 to 56 minutes before he quit in a coup d'état in order to make General Victoriano Huerta the next President.

Ruling houses

Oldest

Officially, the current Emperor of Japan, Akihito is the 125th in line from the first emperor Jimmu, who is variously believed to have reigned in the 1st or 7th century BC. The earliest documentary evidence is only for the 29th emperor, Kinmei (AD 509–571); however, this is sufficient such that even the most conservative of estimates still places the Japanese imperial family as among the oldest lines in the world today.

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is well-documented as being descended from Arnulf of Metz (c. AD 582–640), forefather of Charlemagne, thus representing a lineage of 47 generations. (See Descent of Elizabeth II from the Franks.)

The Ottoman Empire lasted for 36 sultans in 21 generations, from Osman I to Mehmed VI for 623 years. (See List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire.)

Post-nominal numbers

The highest post-nominal number representing a member of a royal house is 75, used by Count Heinrich LXXV Reuss (r. 1800–1801). All male members of the branch were named Heinrich, and were successively numbered from 1 upwards, from the beginning of each century.^[1]

Physical attributes

Heaviest

The heaviest monarch is believed to have been Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga from 1965 to 2006 who at his peak in 1976 was measured as {{convert|208.7|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, though he subsequently lost around 40% of his weight.^[2]

Tallest

Sancho VII of Navarre was the tallest head of state. He was the King of Kingdom of Navarre. His remains were measured to indicate a height of at least {{convert|7|ft|3|in|cm|abbr=on}}.

Shortest

President Benito Juárez of Mexico was reportedly the shortest world leader, standing at {{convert|4|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}.

Age

Youngest

According to legends, the youngest ruler is Shapur II who was crowned in utero when a crown was placed on the belly of Hormizd II 's wife after Hormizd II died. However, according to Shapur Shahbazi, it is unlikely. Other claims as the youngest ruler include John I of France and Alfonso XIII of Spain who were both crowned on the day of their birth.

References

1. ^{{cite book |editor1-last= Russell|editor1-first= Alan|editor2-last=McWhirter|editor2-first= Norris D.|date= 1 October 1987|title= The Guinness Book of Records 1988|url= https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TqcxAQAAIAAJ&q=largest+regnal+number&dq=largest+regnal+number&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAmoVChMIktSgxuzUyAIVg1wUCh15fQmm|location= Fleet St., London|publisher= Guinness Superlatives ltd|page= 190|isbn= 0851128688}}
2. ^{{cite book | last = McWhirter | first = Norris | title = Guinness Book of Records | publisher = Guinness Publishing | year = 1996 | pages = 181–2 | isbn = 0-85112-646-4 }}

1 : World records

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