| 词条 | Red fody |
| 释义 |
| image = Madagascar fody (Foudia madagascariensis).jpg | image_caption = Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Madagascar | image2 = Madagascar fody (Foudia madagascariensis) male 2.jpg | image2_caption = Toliara, Madagascar | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Foudia | species = madagascariensis | authority = (Linnaeus, 1766) | synonyms = Loxia madagascariensis {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}} }} The red fody (Foudia madagascariensis), also known as the Madagascar fody in Madagascar, red cardinal fody in Mauritius, or common fody, is a small bird native to Madagascar and introduced to various other islands in the Indian Ocean. It is a common bird within its restricted range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern". TaxonomyIn 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the red fody in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Madagascar. He used the French name Le cardinal de Madagascar and the Latin Cardinalis Madagascariensis.[2] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[3] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[3] One of these was the red fody. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Loxia madagascariensis and cited Brisson's work.[4] This species is now placed in the genus Foudia that was introduced by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach in 1850.[5] The type species was subsequently designated as the red fody.[6] The species is monotypic.[7] The English word "fody" and the name of the genus Foudia are from the Madagascan name for the red fody Foudi or Fodi.[8] DescriptionThe red fody is about {{convert|5|in|cm}} in length and weighs {{convert|14|–|19|g}}. The male of the species is bright red with black markings around each eye. Its wings and tail are olive-brown. Its underparts are also red, which distinguishes it from other fodies in areas where it has been introduced. The female fody's upper parts are olive-brown and its underparts are greyish brown.[10] Distribution and habitatIt is a common bird found in forest clearings, grasslands and cultivated areas, but not in dense forest. In Madagascar it is regarded as a pest of rice cultivation. It has been introduced to other areas of the Indian Ocean, included the Amirantes, Comoros, Seychelles, Mauritius and Réunion.[9] EcologyThe red fody feeds largely on seeds, especially grass seeds, and insects, but several other foodstuffs are also taken; these include fruit, nectar, household scraps and copra.[9] Outside the breeding season, this bird is gregarious. As the breeding season approaches, males ffffffestablish territories, about {{convert|30|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}} in diameter. The birds are monogamous, and the male starts building the nest in the centre of the territory before courtship commences, with nests being clustered together in loose colonies. The nest is globular with a side entrance and porch or short tube. It is constructed, mostly by the male, out of rootlets, tendrils, grasses and other long strands of vegetation, woven together. The nest takes around eight days to build, and many get abandoned if the male fails to attract a mate.[9] Impact on native birdsIn different parts of its introduced range, this species show different impacts on native birds. Both the endangered Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) and the Rodrigues fody (Foudia flavicans) have been affected by the competition for resources on their respective islands.[10] GalleryReferences1. ^{{IUCN|id=22719132 |title=Foudia madagascariensis |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2016.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=30 October 2016}} 2. ^{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=Volume 3 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=112-114, Plate 6 fig 2 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35953115 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/678}} 4. ^{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | authorlink=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=Volume 1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=300 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946496 }} 5. ^{{ cite book | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1850 | title=Avium Systema Naturale. Das natürliche System der Vögel | place=Dresden | publisher=Expedition der Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte | at=Plate 79 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47618523 }} 6. ^{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1962 | title=Check-list of birds of the world | volume=Volume 15 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=62 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14485435 }} 7. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Old World sparrows, snowfinches, weavers | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/weavers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=5 May 2018 }} 8. ^{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/foudia | accessdate=6 May 2018 }} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author1=Safford, Roger|author2=Hawkins, Frank|title=The Birds of Africa: Volume VIII: The Malagasy Region: Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarenes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaFLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA892 |year=2013|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-7136-6532-1 |pages=892–896}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Lever, Christopher |title=Naturalised Birds of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-G1X6khHQg0C&pg=PA276 |year=2010 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4081-2825-1 |page=276}} External links{{Commons|Foudia madagascariensis}}
8 : Foudia|Birds of Madagascar|Birds of Seychelles|Birds of the Comoros|Birds of Mauritius|Birds of Réunion|Birds of the Indian Ocean|Birds described in 1766 |
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