| 词条 | Redheugh Bridge |
| 释义 |
|name = Redheugh Bridge |image = Redheugh Bridge, River Tyne.jpg |caption = Redheugh Bridge, photographed from the north side at Newcastle from the Metro Radio Arena |coordinates = {{coord|54.9620|-1.6186|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline}} |os_grid_reference = NZ245630 |carries = {{ubl|A189 road|Motor vehicles|Cycles|Pedestrians}} |crosses = River Tyne |locale = Tyneside |official_name = |owner = |maint = |heritage = |preceded = Scotswood Bridge |followed = King Edward VII Bridge |design = |material = Pre-stressed concrete |material1 = |material2 = |length = {{cvt|897|m|yd}} |width = {{cvt|15.8|m}} |height = |depth = |mainspan = {{cvt|160|m|yd}} |number_spans = 3 |piers_in_water = |load = |clearance_above = |clearance_below = |lanes = 4 |life = 120 years |architect = |designer = Mott, Hay and Anderson |engineering = Alan Yiu Lun Wan |builder = Edmund Nuttall Ltd |begin = 1980 |complete = |cost = £15.35 million |open = |inaugurated = {{ubl|18 May 1983|by Diana, Princess of Wales}} |below = |traffic = |replaces = Second (1897) Redheugh Bridge |map_type = Tyne and Wear |map_relief = no |extra = }} The Redheugh Bridge ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɛ|d|.|j|ʊ|f}}, {{respell|REH|dyuuf}}) is a road bridge spanning the River Tyne west of Newcastle upon Tyne city centre on the north bank and Gateshead town centre on the south bank, in North East England. It currently carries the A189 road. The first crossingIn 1860 builder Richard Cail proposed a rail and road bridge at Redheugh with the rail deck below the road level – the reverse of the High Level Bridge. The North Eastern Railway showed little interest so Cail decided to press ahead with a road bridge. The first Redheugh Bridge was opened on 1 May 1871 engineered by Thomas Bouch who was also the designer of the ill-fated first Tay Bridge in Scotland (see Tay Bridge disaster). It was a slender construction supported by three piers. The road deck was {{cvt|30|m}} above river level with a footpath at either side. Construction was hindered by delays in the delivery of materials, due to poor access roads, and the scarcity of skilled labour. By as early as 1885 serious structural faults began to emerge and inspections concluded that repairs would cost more than a new bridge, and so it was replaced. The second crossingReplacement commenced in 1897 with the new bridge being built by Sir William Arrol & Co. around the old structure. Once again the process was hindered by delays in materials and an inadequate workforce. By 1900 the main girders and spans were in place and, ingeniously, hydraulic jacks were used to inch along the newly built superstructure until it rested on the previously constructed piers. The remains of the old structure were removed and the bridge was opened in August 1901. However, by the 1960s serious design flaws once again became apparent. Speed restrictions of {{convert|10|mph}} and weight restrictions of between 8 and 10 tonnes hindered the traffic flow and engineers stated that, if it remained in use for much longer, the approaches and superstructure would need to be rebuilt. It was seen as more economical to build a new crossing. The present crossingWork to replace the second crossing began in 1980.[1] Of the original crossing, only the south abutment now remains (adorned by a modern sculpture designed by Richard Deacon). The third bridge is much different from its two predecessors. It is a pre-stressed concrete structure with a central span of {{cvt|160|m}} and two side spans of {{cvt|100|m|}} each (including the approaches, it is a total of {{cvt|897|m}} long and {{cvt|15.8|m}} wide). It can carry abnormal loads of up to 400 tonnes,[2] and has a life expectancy of 120 years. It was constructed by Edmund Nuttall Ltd to a design by Mott, Hay and Anderson's young engineer, Alan Yiu Lun Wan. The two supporting concrete piers were fluted to create an impression of lightness and were designed to withstand the impact from a vessel of ten thousand tonnes travelling at a speed of five knots, although this is highly unlikely as large ships rarely come this far up the Tyne and the shipping lane has now effectively been blocked by the Gateshead Millennium Bridge. Due to the exposed location, strong winds can cause problems for high-sided vehicles. Early in the bridge's life, a double-decker bus was nearly blown over the side.[3] The bridge was opened on 18 May 1983 by the Princess of Wales.[2] The total cost amounted to £15,350,000.[1] References1. ^1 {{cite web|author=Nicolas Janberg, Chief Editor |url=http://structurae.net/structures/redheugh-bridge |title=Redheugh Bridge (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1983) |publisher=Structurae |date= |access-date=2017-01-17 |df=dmy-all}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-424000-561000/page/5 |title=Redheugh Bridge, Gateshead |work=Domesday Reloaded |publisher=BBC |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120215223023/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/domesday/dblock/GB-424000-561000/page/5 |date= |archive-date=2012-02-15 |access-date=2017-01-17 |df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/discovery/buildingbridges/the-redheugh-bridge/ |title=The Redheugh Bridge |work=Building Bridges |publisher=Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums|access-date=2014-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913015119/http://www.twmuseums.org.uk/discovery/buildingbridges/the-redheugh-bridge/ |archive-date=2014-09-13 |df=dmy-all }} External links
See also
|River = River Tyne |upstream = Scotswood Bridge |upsub = A695 road |downstream = King Edward VII Bridge |downsub = East Coast Main Line |type = bridge |location = NZ243631}} 6 : Bridges in Tyne and Wear|Bridges completed in 1871|Bridges completed in 1907|Bridges completed in 1983|Buildings and structures in Newcastle upon Tyne|Crossings of the River Tyne |
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