| 词条 | Red-spotted toad |
| 释义 |
| name = Red-spotted toad | image = Bufo.punctatus.web.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Anaxyrus punctatus | authority = (Baird and Girard, 1852) | synonyms = Bufo punctatus Baird and Girard, 1852 }} The red-spotted toad (Anaxyrus punctatus, formerly Bufo punctatus) is a toad in the family Bufonidae found in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.[1][2][4] DescriptionIt is a small toad species growing to {{convert|3.7|to|7.5|cm|abbr=on}} in length. It has a flattened head and body, and a light grey, olive or reddish brown dorsum with reddish or orange skin glands. It has a whitish or buff venter with or without faint dark spotting, and round parotoid glands. The snout is pointed. The juvenile toad looks similar to the adult, but has more prominent ventral spotting and the undersides of its feet are yellow. The male red-spotted toad has a dusky throat and develops nuptial pads during the breeding season.[3] It may hybridize with the western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) in some locations, possibly with other toad species too.[4] It is docile and easily handled with little or no skin gland secretions.[3] Distribution and habitatThis toad is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, especially Baja California. It occurs primarily along rocky streams and riverbeds, often in arid or semi-arid regions. It is very localized on the coastal slope, but widespread in the deserts. In dry areas it needs seasonal pools or even temporary rain puddles to use for breeding. Eggs hatch in three days and the tadpole can transform in 6–8 weeks, taking advantage of the ephemeral water bodies. It spends dry periods in burrows or beneath rocks or moist plant matter, and becomes suddenly active during rainfall when multitudes of individuals emerge.[5] References1. ^1 {{cite journal | author = Hammerson, Geoffrey | author2 = Georgina Santos-Barrera | last-author-amp = yes | title = Anaxyrus punctatus | journal = IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | volume= 2010 | page = e.T54739A11197415 | year = 2010 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T54739A11197415.en }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q28032079}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Anaxyrus/Anaxyrus-punctatus |title=Anaxyrus punctatus (Baird and Girard, 1852) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2016 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.werc.usgs.gov/ProjectSubWebPage.aspx?SubWebPageID=41&ProjectID=75 |title=Anaxyrus punctatus Red-Spotted Toad |author=Robert Fisher |author2=Ted J. Case |last-author-amp=yes |year= |work=A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Coastal Southern California |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Anaxyrus&where-species=punctatus |title=Anaxyrus punctatus |year=2016 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |accessdate=31 January 2016}} 5. ^Grismer, L. L. (2002). Amphibians and Reptiles of Baja California. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 71. 4 : Anaxyrus|Amphibians of Mexico|Amphibians of the United States|Amphibians described in 1852 |
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