| 词条 | Religion in Zambia | ||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Zambia is a Christian country. Christianity is the official religion in Zambia according to the 1996 constitution,[1] and the vast majority of Zambians are Christians of various denominations, but many other religious traditions are present. Traditional religious thought blends easily with Christian beliefs in many of the country's syncretic churches.{{cn|date=January 2018}} Other religions include the Bahá'í Faith, Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, and Judaism. Ismaili Muslim, Hindu and Sikh communities exist owing to the Indian and Pakistani diasporic community. In 2010, according to World Christian Trends, 85.5% of the population identified as Christian, 11.2% identified with indigenous religions, 1.8% identified as Bahá'í, 1.1% identified as Muslim, 0.2% identified as agnostic, 0.1% identified as Hindu, and all other groups accounted for less than 0.1%.[2] The 2010 Zambian census found that 75.3% of Zambians were Protestant, 20.2% were Catholic, 0.5% were Muslim, 2.0% followed other religions, and 1.8% had no religion.[3] Background
Christianity{{main|Christianity in Zambia}}Christianity is believed to have arrived in Zambia in the form of European Protestant missionaries and African explorers during the mid of 19th century. David Livingstone was a Scottish missionary who did pioneering missionary work that brought the attention of Africa to the Western world. Livingstone inspired abolitionists of the slave trade, explorers and missionaries. He led the way in Central Africa to missionaries who initiated the education and health care for Africans. Many African chiefs and tribes held him in high esteem and it was one of the major reasons for facilitating relations between them and the British.[6] Zambia is officially a Christian nation according to the 1996 constitution,[1] but a wide variety of religious traditions exist. Traditional religious thought blends easily with Christian beliefs in many of the country's syncretic churches. Christian denominations include: Presbyterianism, Roman Catholic, Anglican, Pentecostal, New Apostolic Church, Lutheran, Seventh-day Adventist, Jehovah's Witnesses, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Branhamism, and a variety of Evangelical denominations. These grew, adjusted and prospered from the original missionary settlements (Portuguese and Catholicism in the east from Mozambique) and Anglicanism (English and Scottish influences) from the south. Except for some technical positions (e.g. physicians), western missionary roles have been assumed by native believers.[4] Zambia has the one of the largest communities of Jehovah's Witnesses in Africa with close to 250,000 members, second only to Nigeria.[7]Bahá'í Faith{{main|Bahá'í Faith in Zambia}}The Bahá'í population of Zambia has been estimated at 162,443, or 1.70% of the population.[8] Based on that data, Adherents.com ranks this as the sixteenth-highest national proportion of Bahá'ís in the world.[8] It also ranks Zambia's as the tenth-largest national Bahá'í community in the world in absolute terms, and the fourth-largest in Africa.[8][14] The William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation, an organization founded in 1995 and run by the Zambian Bahá'í community, is particularly active in areas such as literacy and primary health care.[9][10] The Maseltha Institute, its parent organization, was founded earlier in 1983.[10] Islam{{main|Islam in Zambia}}Islam arrived in Zambia in the form of Arab slave traders during the mid of 18th century. Other Muslims and people from Hindu community arrived to Zambia during British Colonial rule.[11] Approximately 1% of Zambians are Muslim, mostly living in urban areas.[12] The vast majority of Muslims in Zambia are Sunni. An Ismaili Shia community is also present. About 500 people in Zambia belong to the Ahmadiyya sect of Islam.[13] Others{{main|History of the Jews in Zambia}}There is also a small Jewish community, composed mostly of Ashkenazis. Notable Jewish Zambians have included Simon Zukas, retired Minister, MP and a member of Forum for Democracy and Development and earlier the MMD and United National Independence Party. Additionally, the economist Stanley Fischer, currently the governor of the Bank of Israel and formerly head of the IMF was born and partially raised in Zambia's Jewish community. Notable sects, such as the Alice Lenshina led Lumpa Church and the newly established Last Church of Order also exist. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Amended Constitution of Zambia|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996|publisher=Government of Zambia|accessdate=15 October 2016}} {{Africa religion}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Zambia|url=http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_245_2.asp|publisher=Association for Religion Data Archives|accessdate=11 February 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|title=2010 Census of Population and Housing|url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/report/Census/2010/National/2010%20Census%20of%20Population%20National%20Analytical%20Report.pdf|website=Central Statistical Office, Zambia|page=20|accessdate=11 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026014633/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/report/Census/2010/National/2010%20Census%20of%20Population%20National%20Analytical%20Report.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2015}} 4. ^1 {{cite paper| author=Matthew Steel| title=Pentecostalism in Zambia : Power, Authority and the Overcomers| version=MSc Dissertation| publisher=University of Wales| year=2005}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Law, Religion, Constitution: Freedom of Religion, Equal Treatment, and the Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4I8WDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA164&dq=zambia+religion&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi8h5z25uPPAhXJrI8KHbfnBpE4ChDoAQgaMAA#v=onepage&q=zambia%20religion&f=false|page=164|first1=W. Cole |last1=Durham|first2= Silvio |last2=Ferrari|first3= Cristiana|last3= Cianitto|first4= Donlu |last4=Thayer|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9781317107385}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Blaikie|first= William Garden|year=1880|title=The Personal Life of David Livingstone|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13262|accessdate=16 October 2016}} 7. ^ [https://www.jw.org/en/publications/books/2018-service-year-report] 8. ^1 2 {{cite web| url=http://adherents.com/largecom/com_bahai.html| title=The Largest Baha'i Communities| author=Adherents.com| accessdate=29 October 2007}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.devlp.com/dla.html#masetlha |title=About DLP |author=DL Publicaciones |accessdate=29 October 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012180746/http://devlp.com/dla.html |archivedate=12 October 2007 }} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=William Mmutle Masetlha Foundation|url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/organizations/william-mmutle-masetlha-foundation|website=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs|publisher=Georgetown University|accessdate=5 February 2016}} 11. ^1 {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Global Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwJzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1399&dq=zambia+religion&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwib7eS3veTPAhVDso8KHaGeBUwQ6AEINTAF#v=onepage&q=zambia%20religion&f=false| editor1-first=Mark |editor1-last=Juergensmeyer|editor2-first= Wade Clark |editor2-last=Roof|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2011|isbn=9781452266565}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148728.htm|title= International Religious Freedom Report 2010 - Zambia|publisher=Government of Zambia|accessdate=16 October 2016|year=2011}} 13. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sbElAQAAIAAJ&q&dq&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pYw4U-DwBKKt0QWB1oH4DA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA|publisher=Mission Press|year=2007|editor1-first=John|editor1-last= Henze|title=Some basics of religious education in Zambia|accessdate=30 March 2014}} 3 : Religion in Zambia|Zambian society|Zambian culture |
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