| 词条 | René Edward De Russy |
| 释义 |
| name = René Edward De Russy | image = Brigadier General René Edward De Russy.jpg | caption = Brig. Gen. René Edward de Russy | birth_date = {{Birth date|1789|02|22}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1865|11|23|1789|02|22}} | placeofburial = West Point Cemetery | birth_place = Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) | death_place = San Francisco, California | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = United States of America | branch = United States Army Union Army | serviceyears = 1812 - 1865 | rank = Colonel Brevet Brigadier General | unit = United States Army Corps of Engineers | commands = Superintendent of the United States Military Academy | battles = | awards = | relations = | laterwork = }} René Edward De Russy (February 22, 1789 – November 23, 1865) was an engineer, military educator, and career United States Army officer who was responsible for constructing many Eastern United States coastal fortifications, as well as some forts on the West Coast. He also served as superintendent of the United States Military Academy. He was promoted to brigadier general during the American Civil War. Early lifeRené Edward De Russy was born into a family of ethnic French planters in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) on February 22, 1789.[1] Two years later, soon after the birth of his younger brother Lewis, the De Russy family fled the violence of the slave revolution and settled in Old Point Comfort, Virginia.[2] At the age of 18, De Russy enrolled in the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York on March 20, 1807; he graduated on June 10, 1812, at the bottom of his class.[3] CareerAfter West Point, De Russy worked as the assistant engineer for New York State's defenses and helped to build Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point on the Canada–US border. In the late 1810s, he became the Superintending Engineer of the defenses of New York Harbor. He was next assigned to the South, where he oversaw construction of forts along the Gulf of Mexico, serving from 1821 to 1825.[4] In 1825, De Russy returned to New York City, where he continued to build the Harbor's defenses, specifically Fort Hamilton. The Brooklyn Eagle reported that De Russy was the "engineer under whose direction Fort Hamilton was built, the corner stone of which was laid on June 11, 1825, and which was first garrisoned by troops on November 1, 1831."[5] During his assignment in New York City, De Russy supervised the construction of the New Utrecht Reformed Church. He built his own residence on a hill in Brooklyn, which the Brooklyn Eagle referred to as "The Lookout" because of its position above New York harbor, on a ridge that became known as Dyker Heights at the end of the 19th century.[1][5] On July 1, 1833, De Russy was assigned as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy, which he led for five years.[6] He was next assigned to supervising fort construction in Virginia and Delaware. Because of this experience, De Russy served as a member of the Atlantic Coast Defense Board from 1849 until 1854, when he was sent to San Francisco. He continued to build military forts and was named to the Pacific Coast Defense Board.[5] In 1857, he was reassigned to the Atlantic Coast, returning to San Francisco in 1861. He died in San Francisco in 1865. De Russy was credited with inventing the barbette depressing gun carriage.[7] In recognition of his service, on July 17, 1866, De Russy was posthumously nominated by President Andrew Johnson for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general in the Regular US Army, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate approved the appointment on July 26, 1866.[8] Personal lifeDe Russy was married to Harriet Elizabeth Taylor (1805–1834). Together, they were the parents of the following:[9]
After Frances' early death, De Russy married Helen Augusta Maxwell (1832–1908). Together, they were the parents of the following:[9]
The senior De Russy "died while on active duty at San Francisco on November 23, 1865, aged 75 years, the oldest graduate of the Military Academy on active duty."{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} He is buried at the United States Military Academy Post Cemetery. LegacyThere are five Forts DeRussy in the United States: Fort DeRussy Military Reservation in Honolulu, two in Louisiana, one in Kentucky, and one in Washington, D.C. The latter four were all built during the American Civil War. All of the forts were named for two brothers, René Edward and his younger brother Louis Gustave De Russy. Louis (also known as Lewis) graduated in 1814 from the United States Military Academy, two years after René but on an accelerated schedule. An engineer and career officer, he was assigned to Red River outposts in Louisiana in 1826 and made much of his career in that state. At advanced ages, they served on opposite sides of the Civil War: René on the Union side and Lewis as a colonel in the Confederate Army; he was the oldest West Point graduate to serve on the Confederate side.[10][11]
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Eicher|first1=John|last2=Eicher|first2=David|title=Civil War High Commands|date=2002|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804780353|page=207|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fs0Ajlnjl6AC&pg=PA207&lpg=PA207|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Academy|first1=United States Military|title=List of Cadets Admitted Into the United States Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.: From Its Origins Till September 1, 1901, with Tables Exhibiting the Results of Examinations for Admission, and the Corps to which the Graduates Have Been Promoted|date=1902|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1dM0_Sd75RIC&pg=PA29&lpg=PA29|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=René E. de Russy • Cullum's Register • 89|url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Army/USMA/Cullums_Register/89*.html|website=penelope.uchicago.edu|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} 4. ^{{cite web|last1=Jackson|first1=Andrew|title=René Edward DeRussy to Andrew Jackson, September 5, 1821|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/maj009986/|website=loc.gov|publisher=The Library of Congress|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=DE RUSSY DRIVE, Dyker Heights|url=https://forgotten-ny.com/2013/05/de-russy-drive-dyker-heights/|website=forgotten-ny.com|publisher=Forgotten New York|accessdate=16 October 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/cwdw/historyculture/fort-derussy.htm|title=Civil War Defenses of Washington|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2009-04-19}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=The Military Engineer, Vol. VII, No. 31|date=January–February 1915|publisher=Society of American Military Engineers.|page=758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bDNHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA758&lpg=PA758|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} 8. ^Eicher, 2001, p. 733. 9. ^1 {{cite book|title=Long Island Source Records: From the New York Genealogical and Biographical Record|date=1987|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com|isbn=9780806311784|pages=444–445|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BKTGFtLlrrAC&pg=PA444&lpg=PA444|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Mayeux|first1=Steve|title=DeRussy Biography|url=https://www.fortderussy.org/derussy_bio.html|website=www.fortderussy.org|publisher=The Friends of Fort DeRussy|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Fort DeRussy (U.S. National Park Service)|url=https://www.nps.gov/places/fort-derussy.htm|website=www.nps.gov|accessdate=16 October 2017|language=en}} External links
10 : 1789 births|1865 deaths|United States Army generals|United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel|Superintendents of the United States Military Academy|Burials at West Point Cemetery|Haitian emigrants to the United States|American people of French descent|People of Saint-Domingue|People from Dyker Heights, Brooklyn |
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