| 词条 | Republic of Užice |
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Užice |native_name = {{lang|sh|Užička republika}} {{lang|sh|Ужичка република}} |common_name = Užice |status = Partisan Liberated Territory |image_flag = Flag of Yugoslavia (1943–1946).svg |national_anthem = None specified a |image_map = |image_map_caption = |capital = Užice |common_languages = Serbo-Croatian (de facto Užičan dialect) |government_type = Socialist republic |title_leader = Chairmanb |leader1 = Dragojlo Dudić |title_deputy = General Secretaryc |deputy1 = Josip Broz Tito |legislature = Central Committee for Liberated Territory |era = World War II |event_pre = Partisan arrival in Užice |date_pre = July 28, 1941 |event_start = Battle of Drežnik |date_start = August 18 |year_start = 1941 |event1 = German ultimatum |date_event1 = September 10, 1941 |event2 = Liberation of Užice |date_event2 = September 24, 1941 |event3 = Battle of Kadinjača |date_event3 = November 29, 1941 |event_end = Conquered |date_end = December 1 |year_end = 1941 |currency = |footnote_a = Hey, Slavs and other Partisan songs were unofficially used. |footnote_b = Chairman of the Main Peoples Council of Serbia. |footnote_c = General Secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and Commander in Chief of the Partisans. }} The Republic of Užice ({{lang-sh|Užička republika}} / {{lang|sh|Ужичка република}}) was a short-lived liberated Yugoslav territory and the first liberated territory in World War II Europe, organized as a military mini-state that existed in the autumn of 1941 in occupied Yugoslavia, more specifically the western part of the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia{{#tag:ref|Official name of the occupied territory[1][2]|group="Note"}}. The Republic was established by the Partisan resistance movement and its administrative center was in the town of Užice. BordersThe Republic of Užice comprised a large portion of western part of the occupied territory and had a population of more than 300,000{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} (according to another source, nearly one million[3]). It was located between the Valjevo–Bajina Bašta line in the north, the river Drina on the west, the river Zapadna Morava in the east, and the Raška region to the south.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} Different sources provide differing information about the size of the republic: according to some sources, it included 15,000[3] or 20,000[4] square kilometres. HistoryThe government was made of "people's councils" (odbori), and the Communists opened schools and published a newspaper, Borba (meaning "Struggle"). They even managed to run a postal system and around 145 km of railway and operated an ammunition factory from the vaults beneath the bank in Užice.[5] In November 1941, in the First anti-Partisan offensive, the German troops occupied this territory again, while the majority of Partisan forces escaped towards Bosnia, Sandžak and Montenegro, re-grouping at Foča in Bosnia. EndThe leftist policy then pursued by Josip Broz Tito substantially contributed to the defeat of the partisans in the Republic of Užice.{{sfn|Banac|1988|p=81}} Because of the pro-fascist Serbian propaganda which described the partisans as being led by foreigners,[6] the population of Serbia turned against the uprising and against the communist insurgents. At the beginning of December 1941[7] the communists moved from Serbia to Bosnia (nominally part of the NDH) and joined their comrades who had already left Montenegro.{{sfn|Pavlowitch|2002|p=147|ps=: "When repression burst the bubble of optimism, the popular mood in Serbia also turned against the insurgency and those who wanted to carry on with revolution... The partisan crossed into nominally NDH territory, where they joined up with their comrades who had left Montenegro. "}} In popular cultureThe 1974 Yugoslav partisan feature film The Republic of Užice covers the events surrounding the existence of the Republic of Užice. See also
References
1. ^Hehn (1971), pp. 344–73 2. ^Pavlowitch (2002), p. 141 3. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_SOAAAAMAAJ&q=%22uzice+republic%22&dq=%22uzice+republic%22&sa=X&ei=sK6WT_fqGoKR-wbXqKzzDQ&redir_esc=y|title=Report on World Affairs|date=1985-01-01|publisher=RWA|language=en}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VShnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22uzice+republic%22&dq=%22uzice+republic%22&sa=X&ei=wq-WT7fKCYaG-waPk72GDg&redir_esc=y|title=The Resistance movement in Europe during the Second World War: 16th International Congress of Historical Sciences, Stuttgart, August 1985|last=Pshennikov|first=S.|last2=Nat͡sionalʹnyĭ komitet istorikov Sovetskogo Soi͡uza|date=1985-01-01|publisher="Social Sciences Today" Editorial Board, USSR Academy of Sciences|language=en}} 5. ^Misha Glenny, The Balkans, 1999, p. 487 6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.crvenakritika.org/istorija/76-propaganda-u-okupiranoj-srbiji|title=POLITIČKA PROPAGANDA U OKUPIRANOJ SRBIJI: Milan Nedić, Velibor Jonić i Dimitrije Ljotić|last=Petrović|first=Nenad|date=2009-02-09|website=www.crvenakritika.org|language=sh|access-date=2017-01-18}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1= Jelić|first1= Ivan|last2= Strugar|first2= Novak|title= War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zTWBAAAAIAAJ|year= 1985|publisher= Socialist Thought and Practice|page= 122|quote= Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia and the leaderships of the national liberation movement withdrew from Serbia early in December 1941}}
Further reading
External links
7 : 1941 disestablishments in Europe|Serbia in World War II|Yugoslavia in World War II|Serbia under German occupation|Former Slavic countries|States and territories established in 1941|1941 establishments in Europe |
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