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词条 Rescue Me (Madonna song)
释义

  1. Background and release

  2. Recording and composition

  3. Critical reception

  4. Chart performance

  5. Track listing and formats

  6. Credits and personnel

     Management  Personnel 

  7. Charts

     Weekly charts  Year-end charts 

  8. Certification and sales

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. Book sources

  12. External links

{{good article}}{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2018}}{{Infobox song
| name = Rescue Me
| cover = Madonna - Rescue Me (single).png
| alt = A black-and-blue picture of Madonna in a black dress, standing in a seductive manner, while clutching her bosom.
| border = yes
| caption = 7-inch single artwork
| type = single
| artist = Madonna
| album = The Immaculate Collection
| B-side = Spotlight
| released = {{start date|1991|02|23}}
| format =
  • 7-inch
  • 12-inch
  • CD
  • cassette

| studio = Axis Recording Studios
{{small|(New York City, New York)}}
| genre =
  • Dance-pop
  • gospel-house

| length = {{duration|m=5|s=31}}
| label =
  • Sire
  • Warner Bros.

| writer =
  • Madonna
  • Shep Pettibone

| producer =
  • Madonna
  • Shep Pettibone

| chronology =
| prev_title = Justify My Love
| prev_year = 1990
| next_title = This Used to Be My Playground
| next_year = 1992
| misc =
}}

"Rescue Me" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her first greatest hits album, The Immaculate Collection (1990), written and produced with Shep Pettibone. It was not planned to be released as a single initially but the song's continuous radio airplay prompted Sire Records to release "Rescue Me" as the second single from The Immaculate Collection on February 23, 1991, in the United States, and as the third single on April 7 in the United Kingdom. A dance-pop and gospel-house track, the song is accompanied by the sound of thunder and rain, with the lyrics talking of romantic love rescuing the singer.

The song's commercial release was accompanied by different remixes. It received positive critical response for both the original version and the remixes, as well as Pettibone's production work. Reviewers noted it as an example of Madonna's future musical endeavors to come. "Rescue Me" reached the top-ten of the record charts in Canada, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States. In the latter country it became Madonna's 22nd top-ten song on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Background and release

By the end of 1990, Madonna was ready to release her first greatest hits collection, The Immaculate Collection. According to J. Randy Taraborrelli, author of An Intimate Biography, the release was "much more than a mere collection of Madonna's biggest-selling and most popular songs". The singer relegated it as a "proud landmark" of her career which had progressed upwards since she broke out in the music scene in 1983.[1] The collection had 15 of Madonna's previously released singles, along with two new songs, "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me". The former was released as the first single from the record, and was controversial due to its explicit music video which had been banned from airing in television.[2]

Initially there were no plans to release any follow-up single to "Justify My Love" and so no music video was filmed for "Rescue Me".[1] However, the latter started receiving airplay in the radios as an album cut,[3] prompting Sire Records to finally release it as an official single. The cover artwork featured a still image of Madonna from the music video of "Justify My Love".[4] In the United States, the track was released as the second single on February 23, 1991,[5] and as the third single on April 7 in the United Kingdom, due to "Crazy for You" (1985) released as the second single from the collection.[6][7][8] A video clip consisting of compiled footage from Madonna's 1987 Who's That Girl World Tour was eventually released to accompany the single.[9]

Recording and composition

Madonna wrote and produced "Rescue Me" with Shep Pettibone, with whom she had worked on "Vogue".[10] It was recorded at Axis Studios in New York City by engineer P. Dennis Mitchell, who was assisted by Curt Frasca and John Partham. Peter Schwartz played keyboards and did the programming on the track with assistance from Joe Moskowitz and Junior Vasquez. Tony Shimkin edited the song at Axis while Ted Jensen mastered it at Sterling Sound Studio. "Rescue Me" was mixed by Pettibone and Goh Hotoda at Sound Works Studio in New York.[12] The mixing was done in QSound which at that time was a new audio filter to create a three-dimensional sound effect. This was employed on all of Madonna's past hits present on The Immaculate Collection.[10]

{{listen
| pos = left
| filename = Madonna_- Rescue Me.ogg
| title = "Rescue Me"
| description = A 30-second sample of "Rescue Me" starting just before the chorus of the track, with the bass line, piano, snaps, and percussion sounds. Madonna utters the initial lines rather than singing them as noted in a review.
| format = Ogg
}}

"Rescue Me" is a dance-pop and gospel-house track.[14][15][11] Larry Flick from Billboard described the song as a house colored pop-dance rave.[15] According to sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing, the song is composed in the key of D{{flat}} major with a moderate tempo of 116 beats per minute. It is set in the time signature of common time with Madonna's vocals ranging from B{{flat}}3 to E{{flat}}5. The song follows a sequence of E{{flat}}m–D{{flat}}/E{{flat}}–A{{flat}}sus4/E{{flat}}–A{{flat}}/E{{flat}} as its chord progression.[12] The song opens with a heartbeat and thunder, followed by a prominent bass line, piano, snaps, and percussion. Reminiscent of the songs by British synth-pop duo Yazoo and other 1980s disco acts, "Rescue Me" has Madonna growling the lines, especially towards the end. The thick arrangement has backing vocals by Dian Sorel, Catherine Russell and Lillies White. The ending of the track has the instrumentation fading away to leave just the backing vocals and then the song ends with the sound of thunder and rain.[13]

Lyrically, "Rescue Me" makes allusions to love rescuing the singer. Author Santiago Fouz-Hernández noted in the book Madonna's Drowned Worlds that the lines portray the second theme prevalent in Madonna's work alongside sex, that of romantic love. The singer relegates love as savior in the lyrics when she belts "I believe in the power of love / I believe that you can rescue me".[14] It references the 1967 songs, "Stop Her on Sight (S.O.S.)" by Edwin Starr and "Respect" by Aretha Franklin.[13] According to Katharine Birbalsingh from The Daily Telegraph, the confessional lyrics found Madonna reaching out directly to the listener, "pleading for the love and attention" needed through the lines like "You see that I'm ferocious, you see that I am weak / You see that I am silly, and pretentious and a freak" before it turned to an affirmation of her grit.[15]

Outside of the US, the song was released with Madonna's 1987 single "Spotlight" as its B-side. It was accompanied by eight different remixes by Pettibone.[13] An extended mix was created called the "Titanic Vocal mix", alongside a stripped down "Houseboat Vocal mix" which used a new beat and instrumentation,[4][15] the sound of piano and a sample from Madonna's 1986 single, "True Blue". The Lifeboat and the S.O.S. mixes incorporate louder and busy beats with the former being similar in composition to "Vogue".[4][15] All of them keep the original vocals intact in the remix, with a dubbed version also being released.[4]

Critical reception

Larry Flick from Billboard described Madonna's vocals as her "most potent to date" and Pettibone's production "stellar". Flick also commended the song's remixes, saying Pettibone "has outdone himself

this time, creating several new versions that should suit a variety of formats... In any mix, 'Rescue Me' proves to be far meatier and long-lasting than the previous 'Justify My Love'."[16] Taraborrelli described the track as a "standard, pulsating dance fare" noting it to be opposite of "Justify My Love".[17] Rikky Rooksby found the "growling" vocals by Madonna to be "ill-advised" but was positive about the ending of the track with the sound of the rain and thunder.[13] David Browne from Entertainment Weekly called the song as a "flimsy 'Vogue' rewrite" in his review for The Immaculate Collection, feeling that it did not break "new ground" for the singer.[18] Andrew Harrison from Select relegated the song as "more usual upfront Madonna dance workout with histrionic strings" but found it—along with "Justify My Love"—to showcase the singer's vulnerability, sexual predication and submission, all of which gave "Madonna's records an edge".[19] In an album guide for Rolling Stone, the track was described as "worthy" and "sensual".[20]

Jose F. Promis from AllMusic reviewed the remixes by Pettibone and gave a positive review believing them to have held up "surprisingly well" many years since their release and are "good examples of what house/pop dance music was like in the early '90s".[4] A reviewer from Sputnikmusic rated the song 4 out of 5, finding it similar to "Justify My Love" but "just not as good. It's a shame that this ends the album rather than [the former], but that's the way it goes, I suppose".[21] Robbie Daw from Idolator listed "Rescue Me" as one of the best Madonna songs that radio had forgotten noting that the track, along with "Justify My Love" "kicked off [her] early '90s period where she gabbed through tracks rather than singing on them".[22] Eric Henderson from Slant Magazine, while reviewing Celebration, described "Rescue Me" as "simmering" and the "upside" of The Immaculate Collection.[23] James Rose from Daily Review noted that with the song Madonna began "a phase of her career that oscillates between cynical self-exploitation and courageous self-expression. Raunchy videos, explicitly themed lyrics and boudoir beats became de rigueur for the lady now arguably bearing the biggest name in popular music."[24] LA Weekly{{'}}s Michael Cooper ranked the track at number 14 in his list of Madonna's Top 20 Singles. He opined that the song heralded the singer's future musical endeavors with fifth studio album Erotica (1992), and was "innovative for its time" bridging the gap between Madonna of the 1980s and 1990s.[25] Chuck Arnold from Entertainment Weekly listed "Rescue Me" as Madonna's 45th best single, writing that "if 'Vogue' had a gospel choir taking it to church, it might sound something like ['Rescue Me']".[26] While ranking Madonna's singles in honor of her 60th birthday, Jude Rogers from The Guardian placed the track at number 44, calling it an example of the "over propulsive early-90s electronica".[27]

Chart performance

In the United States, Michael Ellis from Billboard noted that "Rescue Me" had entered the Hot 100 Airplay chart prior to its commercial release, and had already climbed to number seven. It was already being played in almost all major radio stations in the country.[28] After release, the track debuted at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on the week of March 2, 1991. It was the highest debut for a song within the previous 21 years, since the Beatles' "Let It Be" debuted at number six in March 1970.[16] "Rescue Me" was also the highest debut for a song released by a female artist, since Joy Layne's "Your Wild Heart" debuted at number 30 in 1957. After three weeks the song reached number nine on the Hot 100, becoming Madonna's 22nd top-ten single.[29] The track reached number six on the Dance Club Songs chart, aided by the remixes played in clubs. On May 24, 1991, "Rescue Me" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of over 500,000 copies. In Canada, the song debuted on the RPM Top Singles chart at number 96 and reached a peak of number seven after nine weeks.[30] It also reached top-five on the RPM Dance/Urban chart. The song was present for a total of 16 weeks on the Singles chart and ranked at number 55 on the 1991 year-end tabulation.[31][53]

In Australia, "Rescue Me" debuted at number 31 on the ARIA Charts, and after four weeks reached a peak of number 15. In New Zealand the song managed to reach number 18 and was present for six weeks on the chart. In the United Kingdom, the track had debuted at number 84 on the UK Singles Chart and then dropped off. It re-entered at number four in April 1991 and reached its peak position of number three a week later, being present for a total of nine weeks in the chart. According to Music & Media, the track reached the top of the UK sales chart.[57] As of August 2008, it has sold 134,767 copies in the country according to the Official Charts Company.[58] Across Europe, "Rescue Me" reached the top 20 of the charts in Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland,[59][61] and top 40 in France, Germany and Sweden. Its commercial performance in the European countries helped it attain a peak of number three on the European Hot 100 Singles chart, placing at number 90 on the year-end ranking.[57][65]

Track listing and formats

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
  • US 12" vinyl[32]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Titanic Vocal Mix) – 8:15
    2. "Rescue Me" (Demanding Dub) – 5:20
    3. "Rescue Me" (Single Mix) – 4:53
  • US 12" maxi, cassette[33][34]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Titanic Vocal Mix) – 8:15
    2. "Rescue Me" (Houseboat Vocal Mix) – 6:56
    3. "Rescue Me" (Lifeboat Vocal Mix) – 5:20
    4. "Rescue Me" (S.O.S. Mix) – 6:21
  • US 7" vinyl / JPN 3" CD single[35][36]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Single Mix) – 4:51
    2. "Rescue Me" (Alternate Single Mix) – 5:06
  • UK 7" vinyl[37]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Single Mix) – 4:51
    2. "Spotlight" – 6:26
  • UK CD, 12" Picture Disc[38][39]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Single Mix) – 4:51
    2. "Rescue Me" (Titanic Vocal Mix) – 8:15
    3. "Spotlight" – 6:26
  • AUS 7" vinyl[40]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Single Mix) – 4:51
    2. "Rescue Me" (Album Version) – 5:31
{{col-2}}
  • AUS 12" vinyl / UK 12" Limited Edition[41][42]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Titanic Vocal Mix) – 8:15
    2. "Rescue Me" (Houseboat Vocal Mix) – 6:56
    3. "Rescue Me" (Lifeboat Vocal Mix) – 5:20
  • GER CD single[43]
    1. "Rescue Me" (Single Mix) – 4:53
    2. "Rescue Me" (Titanic Vocal Mix) – 8:15
    3. "Rescue Me" (Demanding Dub) – 5:20
  • EUR CD single[44]
    1. "Rescue Me" (S.O.S. Mix) – 6:21
    2. "Rescue Me" (Lifeboat Vocal Mix) – 5:20
    3. "Rescue Me" (Houseboat Vocal Mix) – 6:56
  • JPN CD Extended play[45]
    1. "Justify My Love" (Q-Sound Mix) – 4:57
    2. "Justify My Love" (Orbit 12" Mix) – 7:19
    3. "Justify My Love" (Hip Hop Mix) – 6:34
    4. "Express Yourself" (1990) – 9:33
    5. "Justify My Love" (The Beast Within Mix) – 6:14
    6. "Rescue Me" (Single Mix) – 4:51
    7. "Rescue Me" (Titanic Vocal Mix) – 8:15
    8. "Rescue Me" (Houseboat Vocal Mix) – 6:56
    9. "Rescue Me" (Lifeboat Vocal Mix) – 5:20
    10. "Rescue Me" (S.O.S. Mix) – 6:21
{{col-end}}

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from The Immaculate Collection liner notes.[46]

Management

  • Recorded at Axis Studios, New York City, New York
  • Mastered at Sterling Sound Studios, New York City, New York
  • Mixed at Sound Works Studio, New York City, New York
  • Freddy DeMann Management, The DeMann Entertainment Co. Ltd.
  • Webo Girl Publishing, Inc., Warner Bros. Music Corp, Bleu Disc Music Co. Inc, Lexor Music (ASCAP)

Personnel

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • Madonna – vocals, writer, producer
  • Shep Pettibone – writer, producer, audio mixing
  • P. Dennis Mitchell – recording engineer, recording
  • Ted Jensen – mastering
  • Goh Hotoda – audio mixing
  • Curt Frasca – assistant engineer
  • John Partham – assistant engineer
  • Peter Schwartz – keyboards, programming
  • Joe Moskowitz – additional programming
  • Junior Vasquez – extra programming
  • Tony Shimkin – editing
  • Dian Sorel – background vocals
  • Catherine Russell – background vocals
  • Lillies White – background vocals
  • Herb Ritts – photographer
  • Jeri Heiden – art director
{{div col end}}

Charts

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

Weekly charts

{{singlechart|Australia|15|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="aus"}}{{singlechart|Flanders|18|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="hung"}}{{singlechart|Canadatopsingles|7|chartid=1480|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="rpm"}}{{singlechart|Canadadance|5|chartid=1500|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=May 22, 2018|refname="rpmdance"}}{{singlechart|France|21|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="fre"}}{{singlechart|Germany2|21|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|songid=2244|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="ger"}}{{singlechart|Ireland2|3|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="ire"}}{{singlechart|Dutch40|9|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="dut40"}}{{singlechart|Dutch100|10|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="dut100"}}{{singlechart|New Zealand|18|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="nz"}}{{singlechart|Norway|10|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="nor"}}{{singlechart|Sweden|27|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="swe"}}{{singlechart|Switzerland|11|artist=Madonna|song=Rescue Me|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="swi"}}{{singlechart|UK|3|date=19910414|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="uk"}}{{singlechart|Billboardhot100|9|artist=Madonna|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="bbhot100"}}{{singlechart|Billboarddanceclubplay|6|artist=Madonna|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="bbdance"}}
Chart (1991)Peak
position
Denmark (IFPI)[47]4
Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)[48]3
Italy (FIMI)[49]12
{{col-2}}

Year-end charts

Chart (1991)Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[50] 55
Canada Dance/Urban (RPM)[51] 43
Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)[52] 90
Europe (European Hit Radio)[52]67
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[53] 94
US Dance Singles Sales (Billboard)[54] 40
{{col-end}}

Certification and sales

{{Certification Table Top}}{{Certification Table Entry|region=Japan (Oricon Charts) |nocert=yes |salesamount= 14,510 |salesref=[55]}}{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|nocert=yes|salesamount=134,764|salesref=[56]}}{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|artist=Madonna|title=Rescue Me|award=Gold|type=single|relyear=1990|certyear=1990|rowheader=true|accessdate=December 11, 2014|refname="riaa"}}{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true}}

See also

{{Wikipedia books|The Immaculate Collection}}
  • List of Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles in 1991
  • List of RPM number-one dance singles of 1991
  • List of UK Singles Chart top 10 singles in 1991

References

1. ^1 {{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2008|p=231}}
2. ^{{harvnb|O'Brien|2008|p=218}}
3. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1991/BB-1991-02-16.pdf|title=Hot 100 Singles Spotlight|last=Ellis|first=Michael|date=February 16, 1991|accessdate=June 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|pages=76}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/rescue-me-mw0000263740|title=Rescue Me > Madonna|last=Promis|first=Jose F.|publisher=AllMusic|year=1991|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720141516/http://www.allmusic.com/album/rescue-me-mw0000263740|archivedate=July 20, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
5. ^{{harvnb|Cross|2007|p=128}}
6. ^{{harvnb|Davies|1998|p=1995}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/news/madonna-crazy-for-you|title="Crazy for You" Turns 30: Madonna's First Hit Ballad|last=Mead|first=Wendy|date=March 2, 2015|accessdate=June 30, 2018|publisher=Biography}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/28948/madonna/|title=Madonna {{!}} Full Official Chart History|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318212925/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/28948/madonna/|archivedate=March 18, 2018|df=mdy-all}}
9. ^{{harvnb|Morton|2002|p=408}}
10. ^1 {{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6575923/vogue-producer-shep-pettibone-interview|title='Vogue' Producer Shep Pettibone's First Interview in 20 Years: On Making a Madonna Classic & Why He Left Music Behind|last=Caulfield|first=Keith|date=May 22, 2015|accessdate=June 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404192911/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6575923/vogue-producer-shep-pettibone-interview|archivedate=April 4, 2018|df=mdy-all}}
11. ^{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8006663/madonna-erotica-album-sex-book-oral-history|title=Madonna's 'Erotica' Turns 25: An Oral History of the Most Controversial '90s Pop Album|last=Lynch|first=Joe|date=October 20, 2017|accessdate=June 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205194810/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8006663/madonna-erotica-album-sex-book-oral-history|archivedate=February 5, 2018|df=mdy-all}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtd.asp?ppn=MN0037605|title=Madonna 'Rescue Me' Sheet Music|publisher=Musicnotes.com. Alfred Publishing|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316104104/http://www.musicnotes.com/sheetmusic/mtd.asp?ppn=MN0037605|archivedate=March 16, 2016|df=mdy-all}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvnb|Rooksby|2004|p=84}}
14. ^{{harvnb|Fouz-Hernández|Jarman-Ivens|2004|p=181}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/madonnas-15-albums-ranked-from-worst-to-best/immaculate-collection/|title=Madonna's 15 albums: from worst to best|authorlink=Katharine Birbalsingh|last=Birbalsingh|first=Katharine|date=August 16, 2016|accessdate=June 2, 2018|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218202734/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/madonnas-15-albums-ranked-from-worst-to-best/immaculate-collection/|archivedate=December 18, 2016|df=mdy-all}}
16. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite magazine|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1991/BB-1991-03-02.pdf|title=Singles Spotlights and Dance Trax|last=Flick|first=Larry|date=March 2, 1991|accessdate=June 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|pages=9, 31, 77}}
17. ^{{harvnb|Taraborrelli|2008|p=232}}
18. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://ew.com/article/1990/12/14/immaculate-collection/|title=Madonna: The Immaculate Collection|last=Browne|first=David|authorlink=David Browne (journalist)|date=December 14, 1990|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=June 2, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109221308/http://ew.com/article/1990/12/14/immaculate-collection/|archivedate=November 9, 2015}}
19. ^{{cite journal|url=http://selectmagazinescans.monkeon.co.uk/?p=2095|title=Madonna: The Immaculate Progression|last=Harrison|first=Andrew|date=January 1991|accessdate=June 2, 2018|journal=Select|issn=0959-8367|pages=41–42|volume=7|issue=1|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719154919/http://selectmagazinescans.monkeon.co.uk/?p=2095|archivedate=July 19, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
20. ^{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/madonna/albumguide|title=Madonna: Album Guide|magazine=Rolling Stone|accessdate=June 2, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705190231/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/madonna/albumguide|archivedate=July 5, 2011|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/1477/Madonna-The-Immaculate-Collection/|title=Madonna: The Immaculate Collection|date=January 16, 2005|accessdate=June 2, 2018|work=Sputnikmusic}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.idolator.com/6151271/madonna-10-best-songs-radio|title=Madonna's 10 Best Songs That Radio Forgot|last=Daw|first=Robbie|date=January 25, 2012|publisher=Idolator|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227213828/http://www.idolator.com/6151271/madonna-10-best-songs-radio|archivedate=February 27, 2018|df=mdy-all}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/madonna-celebration|title=Madonna: Celebration|last=Henderson|first=Eric|date=September 23, 2009|work=Slant Magazine|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617211348/http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/madonna-celebration|archivedate=June 17, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://dailyreview.com.au/25-years-since-madonnas-immaculate-collection/33938/|title=25 Year's Since – Madonna's Immaculate Collection|last=Rose|first=James|date=November 29, 2015|work=Daily Review|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210908/http://dailyreview.com.au/25-years-since-madonnas-immaculate-collection/33938|archivedate=March 3, 2016|df=mdy-all}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/we-picked-madonnas-top-20-singles-to-celebrate-35-years-since-her-debut-8998345|title=We Picked Madonna's Top 20 Singles to Celebrate 35 Years Since Her Debut|last=Cooper|first=Michael|date=December 27, 2017|newspaper=LA Weekly|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202104945/http://www.laweekly.com/music/we-picked-madonnas-top-20-singles-to-celebrate-35-years-since-her-debut-8998345|archivedate=February 2, 2018|df=mdy-all}}
26. ^{{cite web |last1=Arnold |first1=Chuck |title=Madonna's 60 best singles, ranked |url=https://ew.com/music/2018/08/15/madonnas-60-best-singles-ranked/ |work=Entertainment Weekly |accessdate=28 September 2018|date=August 15, 2018 }}
27. ^{{cite web |last1=Rogers |first1=Jude |title=Every one of Madonna's 78 singles – ranked! |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/aug/16/every-one-of-madonnas-78-singles-ranked |work=The Guardian |accessdate=August 26, 2018 |date=August 16, 2018}}
28. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1991/BB-1991-02-23.pdf|title=Hot 100 Singles Spotlight|last=Ellis|first=Michael|date=February 23, 1991|accessdate=June 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|pages=14–15, 83}}
29. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1991/BB-1991-03-23.pdf|title=Chart Beat: Timmy T.'s `Try' Succeeds On Hot 100; Doors Albums Break On Through Again|last=Grein|first=Paul|date=March 23, 1991|accessdate=June 2, 2018|magazine=Billboard|page=11}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1430&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1430.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1430|title=Top RPM Singles: Issue 1430|work=RPM|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602155503/http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1430&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1430.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1430|archivedate=June 2, 2018|df=mdy-all}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1516&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1516.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1516|title=Top RPM Singles: Issue 1516|work=RPM|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|accessdate=June 2, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602155503/http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1516&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1516.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1516|archivedate=June 2, 2018|df=mdy-all}}
32. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=US 12-inch Vinyl single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=9362-40034-0}}
33. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=US 12-inch Maxi single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=7599-21813-0}}
34. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=US Cassette single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=7599-21813-4}}
35. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=US 7-inch Vinyl single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=5439-19490-7}}
36. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=JP 3-inch CD single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=WPDP-6267}}
37. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=UK 7-inch Vinyl single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=W0024}}
38. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=UK CD single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=W0024CD}}
39. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=UK 12-inch Picture Disc liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=W0024T}}
40. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=AUS 7-inch Vinyl single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=5439-19375-7}}
41. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=AUS 12-inch Vinyl single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=9362-40074-0}}
42. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=UK 12-inch Limited Edition single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=W0024TW}}
43. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=GER CD single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=9362-40034-2}}
44. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=EUR CD single liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=9362-40035-2}}
45. ^{{cite AV media notes|title=Rescue Me|others=Madonna|year=1991|type=JPN CD Extended play liner notes|publisher=Sire Records|id=WPCR-1508}}
46. ^1 {{cite AV media notes|others=Madonna|title=The Immaculate Collection|year=1990|type=Liner notes|publisher=Warner Bros. Records|id=9 26440-1}}
47. ^1 {{cite magazine|url=http://americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Music-and-Media/90s/1991/MM-1991-03-30.pdf|title=Top 10 Sales in Europe: Denmark|work=Music & Media|accessdate=March 22, 2018|page=25}}
48. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Music-and-Media/90s/1991/MM-1991-05-04.pdf|title=Eurochart Hot 100 Singles|work=Music & Media|date=May 4, 1991|accessdate=November 7, 2016|pages=22–25}}
49. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/mono/madonna_disco.htm|title=Madonna: Discografia Italiana|date=1984–1999|publisher=Federation of the Italian Music Industry|accessdate=January 8, 2010|language=Italian|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117003255/http://www.hitparadeitalia.it/mono/madonna_disco.htm|archivedate=January 17, 2016|df=mdy-all}}
50. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.2024&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.2024.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.2024|title=RPM Top Hit Tracks 1991|work=RPM|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|accessdate=May 22, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830021340/http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.2024&URLjpg=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Fobj%2F028020%2Ff4%2Fnlc008388.2024.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.2024|archivedate=August 30, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1704&URLjpg=http%3a%2f%2fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2fobj%2f028020%2ff4%2fnlc008388.1704.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1704|title=RPM Top Dance Tracks 1991|work=RPM|publisher=Library and Archives Canada|accessdate=May 22, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228000929/http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/films-videos-sound-recordings/rpm/Pages/image.aspx?Image=nlc008388.1704&URLjpg=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Fobj%2F028020%2Ff4%2Fnlc008388.1704.gif&Ecopy=nlc008388.1704|archivedate=December 28, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
52. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Music-and-Media/90s/1991/MM-1991-12-21.pdf|title=The Year in Music 1991|work=Music & Media|pages=18, 21|date=December 21, 1991|accessdate=May 22, 2018}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=1991&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten 1991|publisher=Single Top 100. Hung Medien|language=nl|accessdate=May 28, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120054243/http://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=1991&cat=s|archivedate=November 20, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/90s/1991/BB-1991-12-21.pdf|title=The Year in Music 1991|work=Billboard|page=YE-32|date=December 21, 1991|accessdate=May 22, 2018}}
55. ^{{harvnb|Okamoto|2006|p=576}}
56. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?storycode=1035210|last=Jones|first=Alan|date=August 19, 2008|accessdate=February 21, 2013|archivedate=August 25, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080825001206/http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?storycode=1035210|title=The Immaculate Guide to 50 Years of Madonna |work=Music Week}}

Book sources

{{refbegin|30em}}
  • {{cite book|last=Cross|first=Mary|title=Madonna: A Biography|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-33811-3|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Davies|first=Chris|title=British and American Hit Singles: 51 Years of Transatlantic Hits, 1946–1997|publisher=Batsford Publishing|year=1998|isbn=978-0-713-48275-1|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Fouz-Hernández|first=Santiago|last2=Jarman-Ivens|first2=Freya|title=Madonna's Drowned Worlds: New Approaches to Her Cultural Transformations, 1983–2003|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|year=2004|isbn=978-0-754-63372-3|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Morton|first=Andrew|authorlink=Andrew Morton (writer)|title=Madonna|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2002|isbn=978-0-312-98310-9|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Lucy|authorlink=Lucy O'Brien|title=Like an Icon|publisher=Corgi Publishers|year=2008|isbn=978-0-552-15361-4|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Okamoto|first=Satoshi|title=Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005|location=Roppongi, Tokyo |publisher=Oricon Entertainment|year=2006|isbn=978-4-87131-077-2|ref=harv|language=Japanese}}
  • {{cite book|last=Rooksby|first=Rikky|title=Madonna: The Complete Guide to Her Music|publisher=Omnibus Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-711-99883-4|ref=harv}}
  • {{cite book|last=Taraborrelli|first=J. Randy|authorlink=J. Randy Taraborrelli|title=An Intimate Biography|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2008|isbn=978-0-330-45446-9|ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

External links

  • [https://open.spotify.com/track/0n8sO6vHx3SkVEn2pjaqV9 "Rescue Me"] on Spotify
{{Madonna songs}}

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