| 词条 | Rheum palmatum |
| 释义 |
|name = Turkey rhubarb |image = Apothekergarten Seligenstadt Rheum Palmatum Medizinalrhabarber2.jpg |genus = Rheum |species = palmatum |authority = L. }}Rheum palmatum is a species of flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae. It is commonly called Chinese rhubarb,[1][2] ornamental rhubarb,[3] Turkey rhubarb[2] or East Indian rhubarb.[2] Rheum palmatum is a herbaceous perennial related to the edible rhubarb. It is primarily used in traditional medicine, and as an ornamental subject in the garden. DescriptionIts lobed leaves are large, jagged and hand-shaped, growing in width to two feet. Chinese rhubarb has thick, deep roots.[4] Similar speciesThe species Rheum tanguticum is closely related to R. palmatum.[5] R. palmatum can be distinguished from R. × hybridum, the garden rhubarb we eat, by size; while garden rhubarb only grows to a few feet in height, Chinese rhubarb can grow to six feet.[4]KaryotypyR. palmatum has a chromosome count of 2n=22.[6]DistributionIt is native in the regions of western China, northern Tibet, and the Mongolian Plateau.[4] Folk medicineRheum tanguticum, R. rhabarbarum and R. officinale and a few others, are all harvested for their roots, which are used as a herbal medicine.[5] This became one of the most prominent items traded along the Silk Road.[4] Imported roots of various rhubarb species were widely used in Europe for hundreds of years before the identity of the plant was eventually discovered.[4] Some of the common names associated with Rheum palmatum—"Russian rhubarb", "Turkey rhubarb", and "Indian rhubarb"—are directly affiliated with the trade routes for rhubarb from China.[4]The root is known for its purported purging effects and suppressing fever.[4] In ancient China, rhubarb root was taken to try to cure stomach ailments and as a "cathartic" (an agent used to relieve constipation), and used as a poultice for "fevers and edema" (swelling caused by fluid retention in the body tissues).[4] It was given its Latin name by Carolus Linnaeus in the year 1759 and first grown in Britain around 1762.[4] The first International Symposium on Rhubarb was held in China in 1990. Its objective was to verify the scientific data and treatment of Chinese Rhubarb used by Chinese pharmacopoeias.[4] Health risksPregnant women should avoid all intake of the plant since it may cause uterine stimulation.[4] If taken for an extended amount of time, adverse effects include: "hypertrophy of the liver, thyroid, and stomach, as well as nausea, griping, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea."[4] Though the root of the Chinese rhubarb is a key facet of herbal medicine, its leaves can actually be poisonous if consumed in large amounts due to the oxalic acid content.[4] Patients with "arthritis, kidney problems, inflammatory bowel disease, or intestinal obstruction" should refrain from consumption.[4] CultivationOrnamental useWith its large palmate leaves and tall panicles of pink flowers, Rheum palmatum is a bold statement plant for the temperate garden, that grows up to {{convert| 2.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall and broad. It is hardy down to {{convert|-20|C|F|abbr=on}}.[7] It is propagated by seed in the spring, or by root division in spring or autumn.[5] It grows best in full sunlight in well-drained soil.[5] The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit:-[8]
Farming as medicinal herbSince it is the roots and rhizome which serve as this plant's source of medicinal usage, special care is taken in their preparation.[4] When 6–10 years old, the rhizomes of these plants are removed from the ground in the autumn when both its stems and leaves changed to yellow wild.[5] Furthermore, the removal of the lateral rootlets and the crown are removed, leaving only the root.[5] Any debris around the root is cleaned off, the coarse exterior bark removed, and the root cut and divided into cube-like pieces to increase its surface area, thereby decreasing the time needed for drying.[4] References1. ^{{PLANTS|id=RHPA7|taxon=Rheum palmatum|accessdate=1 February 2016}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1109580}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.rhubarbinfo.com/species |title=Rhubarb Botanical Information |last=Eisenreich |first=Dan |date=1996-2010 |work=The Rhubarb Compendium |publisher= |accessdate=2011-02-07}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite book|last=Foster|first=Steven|title=Desk Reference to Nature's Medicine|publisher=National Geographic Society|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-7922-3666-1|pages=104–105}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Chevallier|first=Andrew|title=Natural Health: Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine|year=2000|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=New York, New York 10016|isbn=0-7894-6783-6|pages=127}} 6. ^{{cite journal |last=Ruirui |first=Liu |last2=Wang |first2=Ailan |last3=Tian |first3=Xinmin |last4=Wang |first4=Dongshi |last5=Liu |first5=Jianquan |date=2010 |title=Uniformity of karyotypes in Rheum (Polygonaceae), a species-rich genus in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261646487 |journal=Caryologia Firenze |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=82-90 |doi=10.1080/00087114.2010.10589711 |access-date=24 March 2019}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/88816/i-Rheum-palmatum-i/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Rheum palmatum | accessdate = 23 September 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 84 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 27 September 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/92170/i-Rheum-i-Ace-of-Hearts/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Rheum ‘Ace of Hearts’ | accessdate = 23 September 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/93590/i-Rheum-palmatum-i-Bowles-s-Crimson/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Rheum palmatum ‘Bowles’s Crimson | accessdate = 23 September 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/277380/i-Rheum-palmatum-i-Hadspen-Crimson/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Rheum palmatum ‘Hadspen Crimson’ | accessdate = 23 September 2018}} 2 : Rheum (plant)|Plants described in 1759 |
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