| 词条 | Richard Acland |
| 释义 |
|name=Sir Richard Acland, Bt |image=File:Richard_Acland.jpg |birth_date={{birth date|1906|11|26|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1990|11|24|1906|11|26|df=y}} | birth_place = Broadclyst, Devon |parents=Francis Acland |spouse=Anne Stella Alford |term=9 June 1939 – 24 November 1990 |title=Acland Baronetcy of Columb John |predecessor=Francis, 14th Baronet |successor=John, 16th Baronet }} Sir Richard Thomas Dyke Acland, 15th Baronet (26 November 1906 – 24 November 1990) was one of the founding members of the British Common Wealth Party in 1942, having previously been a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP). He joined the Labour Party in 1945 and was later a Labour MP.[1] He was one of the founders of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). CareerAcland was the eldest son of Sir Francis Dyke Acland, 14th Baronet, a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) and Eleanor Margaret Cropper.[2] Born on 26 November 1906 at Broadclyst, Devon, he was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford, before becoming a barrister (admitted at the Inner Temple in 1930).[2] He served as a lieutenant in the Royal Devon Yeomanry. He married Anne Stella Alford, an architect, and together they had four sons, including John Dyke Acland and Robert D. Acland. He succeeded his father as baronet in 1939. Acland stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as potential MP for Torquay at the 1929 general election. He was elected Liberal MP for Barnstaple at the 1935 election, having first contested the seat in the 1931 general election. He was a junior whip for the Liberals.[2] He helped launch the Popular Front in December 1936.[3] His politics changed course subsequently, as seen in the various political pamphlets he wrote. Common Wealth PartyIn 1942, Acland broke from the Liberals to found the socialist Common Wealth Party with J. B. Priestley and Tom Wintringham, opposing the coalition between the major parties. During the Second World War, the new party showed signs of a breakthrough, especially in London and Merseyside, winning three by-elections. However, the 1945 general election was a severe disappointment. Only one Member of Parliament, Ernest Millington, was elected, and other figures left, some joining the Labour Party. Acland himself lost his seat in Putney, where he came third.[4] Labour MPHe then joined Labour and was selected to fight the Gravesend seat following the expulsion of the Labour member of parliament Garry Allighan from the party for making allegations of corruption. He won the Gravesend by-election of November 1947 with a majority of 1,675.[5] Back in Parliament, Acland served as Second Church Estates Commissioner 1950–51. In 1955, he resigned from Labour in protest against the party's support for the Conservative government's nuclear defence policy, and lost Gravesend standing as an independent the same year, allowing the Conservatives to take the seat, denying it to the new Labour candidate, Victor Mishcon. Later careerAs an advocate of public land ownership, in 1944 he gave his West Country estates at Killerton in Devon and Holnicote in Somerset to the National Trust, partly out of principle and also to ensure their preservation intact.[6] Soon after leaving parliament he took a job as a maths master at Wandsworth Grammar School in Sutherland Grove, new Southfields, London, with effect from September 1955. He was a successful and charismatic teacher, popular with his pupils. In 1957 he helped to form the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), and was a senior lecturer in education at St. Luke's College of Education, Exeter, between 1959 and his retirement in 1974. Acland died in Exeter in 1990, at the age of 83. WritingsAcland's book, Unser Kampf, published by Penguin in 1940, containing ideas inspired by a Christian-based moral view of society. It proved immensely popular, going through 5 impressions in six months. His later works, The Forward March (1941) and How it can be done (1943) elaborated on these themes.[7] He advocated common ownership, citing the work of Conrad Noel as well as the Bible to support his views.[8] See also
Key Publications
References1. ^Chambers Biographical Dictionary, {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, page 6 2. ^1 2 Stenton and Lees Who's Who of British Members of Parliament vol. iv p. 1 3. ^The Liberal Party and the Popular Front, English Historical Review (2006) 4. ^http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/ge45/i16.htm 5. ^[https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/by_elections/47.html%23gravesend&date=2009-10-25+16:45:02 1947 By Elections] 6. ^{{cite book|last=Acland|first=Anne|title=A Devon Family. The Story of the Aclands|year=1981|publisher=Phillimore|isbn=0-85033-356-3|page=153}} 7. ^{{cite book|author1=James Obelkevich|author2=Lyndal Roper|title=Disciplines of Faith: Studies in Religion, Politics and Patriarchy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdr5AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA447|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-82079-3|pages=447–}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Vincent Geoghegan|title=Socialism and Religion: Roads to Common Wealth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89qrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA118|date=29 March 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-70960-9|pages=118–}}
External links
| title = Chairman of the Common Wealth Party | years = 1942–1943 | before = J. B. Priestley | after = Kim Mackay }}{{succession box | title = Chairman of the Common Wealth Party | years = 1944–1945 | before = Kim Mackay | after = C. A. Smith }}{{s-par|uk}}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Barnstaple | years = 1935–1945 | before = Basil Peto | after = Christopher Peto }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Gravesend | years = 1947–1955 | before = Garry Allighan | after = Peter Kirk }}{{s-reg|en-bt}}{{succession box | before=Francis Dyke Acland | title=Baronet (of Columb John, Devonshire) | years=1939–1990 | after=John Dyke Acland}}{{S-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Acland, Richard, 15th Baronet}} 18 : 1906 births|1990 deaths|Acland family|People from East Devon District|People educated at Rugby School|Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford|Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Common Wealth Party MPs|Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Baronets in the Baronetage of England|English Anglicans|UK MPs 1935–45|UK MPs 1945–50|UK MPs 1950–51|UK MPs 1951–55|Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament|Royal Devon Yeomanry officers|Church Estates Commissioners |
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