| 词条 | Elaeagnus |
| 释义 |
| image = Elaeagnus commutata USDA.jpg | image_caption = American silverberry (Elaeagnus commutata) | taxon = Elaeagnus | authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | range_map = Elaeagnus distribution.svg | range_map_caption = }}Elaeagnus {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|l|iː|ˈ|æ|ɡ|n|ə|s}},[1] silverberry or oleaster, is a genus of about 50–70 species of flowering plants in the family Elaeagnaceae.[2] HabitatThe vast majority of the species are native to temperate and subtropical regions of Asia.[2] Elaeagnus triflora extends from Asia south into northeastern Australia, while E. commutata is native to North America, and Elaeagnus philippinensis is native to the Philippines. One of the Asian species, E. angustifolia, may also be native in southeasternmost Europe, though it may instead be an early human introduction there. Also, several Asiatic species of Elaeagnus have become established as introduced species in North America, with some of these species being considered invasive, or even designated as noxious, in portions of the United States.[2][3][4] DescriptionElaeagnus plants are deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees.[2] The alternate leaves and the shoots are usually covered with tiny silvery to brownish scales, giving the plants a whitish to grey-brown colour from a distance. The flowers are small, with a four-lobed calyx and no petals; they are often fragrant. The fruit is a fleshy drupe containing a single seed; it is edible in many species. Several species are cultivated for their fruit, including E. angustifolia, E. umbellata, and E. multiflora (gumi). E. umbellata contains the carotenoid lycopene.[5]CultivationElaeagnus species are widely cultivated for their showy, often variegated, foliage, and numerous cultivars and hybrids have been developed.[6]The fruit is acid and somewhat astringent.[2] It makes good tarts."[7] Notable species and hybrids in cultivation include:-
The hybrid Elaeagnus × submacrophylla[8] and the cultivar 'Gilt Edge'[9] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10] EcologyElaeagnus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora elaeagnisella and the gothic moths. The thorny shrubs can also provide good nesting sites for birds. Nitrogen fixationMany Elaeagnus species harbor nitrogen-fixing organisms in their roots, so are able to grow well in low-nitrogen soils.[2] This ability results in multiple ecological consequences where these Elaeagnus species are present. They can become invasive in many locations where they are established as exotic species. Two species (E. pungens and E. umbellata) are currently rated as category II noxious, invasive species in many world regions[2] and by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council.[4] Selected species{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
References1. ^{{cite book |title=Sunset Western Garden Book |year=1995 |pages=606–7 |isbn=978-0-376-03850-0}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive)|url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/20728|publisher=CABI|accessdate=8 February 2018|date=3 January 2018}} 3. ^{{BONAP|ref|genus=Elaeagnus}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.fleppc.org/list/list.htm |title=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Lists |publisher=Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council |accessdate=6 February 2012 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |first1=Ingrid M. |last1=Fordham |first2=Beverly A |last2=Clevidence |first3=Eugene R. |last3=Wiley |first4=Richard H. |last4=Zimmerman |title=Fruit of autumn olive : A rich source of lycopene |journal=HortScience |issn=0018-5345 |year=2001 |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1136–7}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=1-4053-3296-4|pages=1136}} 7. ^{{cite book | author=J. H. Maiden | year=1889 | title=The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania | publisher= Turner and Henderson, Sydney | url=https://primo-slnsw.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=SLNSW_ALMA21105097830002626&context=L&vid=SLNSW&search_scope=EEA&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US}} 8. ^{{cite web | url =https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/169093/i-Elaeagnus-i-×-i-submacrophylla-i/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Elaeagnus × submacrophylla| accessdate = 14 February 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Eleagnus × ebbengei 'Gilt Edge'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=695|publisher=Royal Horticultural Society|accessdate=25 July 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 35 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 6 February 2018}} External links{{Commons}}{{Wikispecies}}
2 : Elaeagnus|Rosales genera |
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