| 词条 | Richard Pierpoint |
| 释义 |
|name = Richard Pierpoint |image = |caption = |birth_date = 1744 |birth_place = Bundu, French Senegal |death_date = 1837 |death_place = Upper Canada |party = |spouse = |profession = slave, farmer, soldier |religion = }} Richard Pierpoint (Bunduc. 1744 – Canada c. 1837), also known as Black Dick, Captain Dick, Captain Pierpoint, Pawpine, and Parepoint was a British soldier of Senegalese descent. Brought to America as a slave, he was granted freedom to fight on the side of the British in the American Revolution. After the war he settled in a Black community in Upper Canada, where he was given some land. He also participated in the War of 1812. Butler's RangersRichard Pierpoint was born about 1744 in Bundu in what is now Senegal. When he was about sixteen he was captured and sold as a slave. He survived the crossing of the Atlantic and was sold to a British officer named Pierpoint,[1] probably in one of the northern British colonies.[2] Richard Pierpoint would have acted as his personal servant.[2] In 1776, with the outbreak of the American Revolution, many African American slaves were offered freedom on the condition that they fought on the side of the British. By at least 1780 Pierpoint was one of about a dozen Africans fighting with the Butler's Rangers regiment. Some members of the regiment were former black slaves, which enlisted blacks only as non-combatant labourers or sappers. The total number of black soldiers in Butler's Rangers is unknown. The Pierpoint SettlementFollowing the British defeat the Rangers settled in Niagara.[2] Among the Loyalists who came to Upper Canada (where they were given the name United Empire Loyalists) were several hundred Blacks (the "Black Loyalists"). Blacks represented about 10% of the total Loyalist emigration.[2] Communities such as the Pierpoint Settlement and the Queen's Bush Settlement were examples of how Blacks created communities and helped develop many of the communities in Southern Ontario. Blacks were entitled to the same proportion of land as their fellow Loyalists. In 1788 Pierpoint was located on {{convert|200|acre|km2}} of land near present-day St. Catharines. The City of St. Catharines was first settled by Loyalists in the 1780s. Early histories credit Serjeant Jacob Dittrick and Private John Hainer formerly of Butler's Rangers, among the first to come to the area taking up their Crown Patents where Dick's Creek and 12 Mile Creek merge, now the city centre of St. Catharines. Although never documented, some local St. Catharines' historians speculate Dick's Creek was named after Richard Pierpoint, a Black Loyalist. Under normal circumstances, a private would have only received a grant of {{convert|100|acre|km2}} so the reason for the additional {{convert|100|acre|km2}} of the grant is open to speculation. His commanding officer John Butler may have considered him to have been an NCO (non-commissioned officer), such men being entitled to {{convert|200|acre|km2}}. Additionally, he might have been considered a United Empire Loyalist and thereby entitled to an additional {{convert|100|acre|km2}}. Alternatively, he may have had family with him, each family member being allotted an additional {{convert|50|acre|m2}}. There is some evidence that Pierpoint did not arrive alone as victualling records from 1786 indicate that a woman accompanied him. Pierpoint didn't appear on either an assessment or census and no documentary evidence exists to explain the situation.[3] Conversely, his participation in the Petition of Free Negroes and subsequent sale or abandonment of his grant suggests he may have been single, at least by 1794.[1] In 1794 Pierpont signed the Petition of Free Negroes to Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe requesting that freed Blacks who had served as soldiers be given land grants adjacent to each other so that the former comrades could help each other with land clearing as many lacked the large families necessary to clear the land on their own.[1] The Petition was read by the Executive Council of Upper Canada Government on July 8, 1794 and dismissed.[2] Pierpoint subsequently abandoned or sold his grant and supported himself as a labourer.[1] The War of 1812Following the outbreak of the War of 1812, Pierpoint proposed to organize a Corps of Men of Colour on the Niagara frontier. His offer was refused, but a small Black corps was raised locally by a white officer, Jordan tavern-owner Robert Runchey. Pierpoint volunteered immediately for Captain Runchey's Company of Coloured Men even though he was in his sixties. The corps served with distinction at the Battle of Queenston Heights, the siege of Fort George and the Battle of Lundy's Lane as well as other engagements. They were also instrumental in the construction of Fort Mississauga. For the remainder of the war the corps was used for labour and garrison duty.[2] PetitionPierpoint's unit was honourably disbanded in 1815.[1] As a veteran, Pierpoint was entitled to a 100-acre grant of old growth forest. In his late 70s, in 1821 Pierpoint petitioned Lieutenant Governor Maitland for passage back to his homeland in Senegal instead of the land grant.[1] A certificate from the Adjutant General Nathaniel Coffin was attached.[4]
His request was denied and instead Pierpoint and several other Colured Corps veterans, were given land grants in Garafraxa, just outside present-day Fergus. Grant to Richard Pierpoint of the Township of Grantham in the County of Lincoln in the Niagara District, farmer -- as a private in the Coloured Corps under Captain Runchey and Lieutenant Robertson -- the easterly half of Lot No. 6 in the 1st Concession of the Township of Garafraxa -- containing one hundred acres.[5] A "land ticket" was issued to him on July 30, 1822. Pierpoint would only get full ownership of the plot once he had cleared at least {{convert|5|acre|m2}} of trees, cleared a road to the plot and built a house:[5] Location Ticket grant on fulfilment of settling duties req'd by Order in Council of 20 Oct. 1818: to clear and fence {{convert|5|acre|m2}} for every {{convert|100|acre|km2}} granted; to erect a dwelling house of 16 by {{convert|20|ft|m}}; to clear one half of the Road in front of each lot. The whole to be performed within two years from the date of the ticket. Note The Settlement duty performed as attested & admitted. 15 Sept. 1826. Sig. T. Ridout.[2] The farm was probably a settlement for a number of African Canadian settlers, but the exact number is unknown. Very few records were left and even orally transmitted history is limited. Pierpoint died sometime before September 1838, leaving no family or heirs.[6] It is not known where he was buried. His will left the Garafraxa property to Lemuel Brown. Brown, who lived in the Guelph area at the time of Pierpoint's death, sold the land to the neighbouring farmer. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|last=Pitt|first=Steve|title=Richard Pierpoint: A very Canadian hero|url=https://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorialopinion/article/1127137--richard-pierpoint-a-very-canadian-hero|accessdate=February 7, 2012|newspaper=Toronto Star|date=February 7, 2012}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Black History in Guelph and Wellington County {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304140826/http://guelph.ca/museum/BlackHistory/wellington.htm |date=2006-03-04 }} 3. ^David and Peter Meyler A Stolen Life: Searching for Richard Pierpoint, p.76 4. ^Parks Canada - Fort George National Historic Site of Canada - What's New - Historic Quotes 5. ^1 2 http://www.edunetconnect.com/cat/soccult/pioneer.html 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://walrusmagazine.com/printerFriendly.php?ref=2012.03-essay-that-time-we-beat-the-americans |title=That Time We Beat the Americans: Richard Pierpoint |date=March 2012 |publisher=The Walrus |author=Amirah El-Safty}} Sources
External links{{DictCanbio|ID=3606}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pierpoint, Richard}} 13 : 1744 births|1838 deaths|American people of Senegalese descent|American slaves|Black Loyalists|Canadian people of Senegalese descent|African Americans in the American Revolution|Underground Railroad people|Senegalese people|Pre-Confederation Ontario people|Canadian people of the War of 1812|British Army personnel of the War of 1812|Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War |
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