“River Bourne, Chertsey”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The River Bourne or the Chertsey Bourne is in Berkshire and Surrey; it runs from sources in Windsor Great Park and Swinley Forest through to the River Thames.

Course

Upstream of Virginia Water (village)

After gathering considerable streams flowing from north, south and west into Virginia Water Lake the stream coalesces as one large stream for the rest of its course. The lake is largely created by a steep boulder cascade with eastern embankments (close to small car parks at the side of Windsor Great Park, on London Road, Virginia Water which is the A30 road). The Chertsey Bourne flows through the north of the notable landscaped Wentworth Estate (residential 'golfside' mansions/large houses estate dating to periods since the 1920s) where a further weir creates the much smaller Wentworth Pond which is the lake of the Wentworth Club clubhouse.

Before Wellington Bridge across the course, the Wentworth Brook rising in Sunningdale Golf Club joins. After this the brook is less exposed to view forming a wide, wooded divide in Virginia Water lined with a walk.

The land either side of the River Bourne below the Lake and west of Virginia Water railway station is owned by Runnymede Borough Council as trustees of the Cabrera Trust, named after Spanish noble Ramòn Cabrera who owned and developed a wide landscape at Wentworth.^[1]{{#tag:ref|For further details of Cabrera and the estate/development see the article Wentworth Estate|group= n}}

The bridge nearest the source is an old girder bridge. It is a curiosity and its origin is obscure. Old maps show the valley as wet pastureland, probably suitable for cattle, so a strong bridge would have been necessary.

Near the second bridge downstream from the source, there is a colony of mandarin ducks. They were introduced to the River Bourne in 1929–30. The colony is probably the largest in the United Kingdom and is of international significance due to the rapid decline of mandarin ducks in its native Asia.

Downstream of Virginia Water (village)

At Thorpe Green, a green, road and line of houses beneath Virginia Water station, the river forms the southern border of Thorpe and the northern border of Lyne.^[2] During its passage, the northern bank of the River Bourne receives more sun than the south. This affects the microclimate as there are seasonal frost pockets and areas of high humidity which impacts on the vegetation. The Bourne passes wholesale into Chertsey and adjoins Chertsey Meads before entering St George's College (formerly Woburn Park) close to the Thames in Addlestone. Here, now slow-flowing, as a small river it joins with another River Bourne, the River Bourne (Addlestone branch). Combined these briefly create a back-gardens feature with a deep, vertical metal-lined character. This joins the River Thames within 200 metres below its southernmost weir, in one of its channels bypassing Shepperton Lock beside Hamm Court, Addlestone close to the border with Weybridge which is marked by the River Wey that joins a further {{convert|300|m}} downstream of this.

The longest tract of public land is upstream at and by Virginia Water Lake, particularly beyond that when Windsor Great Park is open, in this section it include walks in two parks in Chertsey{{#tag:ref|Gogmore Farm Park (a farm was there, now central parks and allotments) and The Bourne Park/Chertsey Meads|group= n}}. The river creates access for small motorboats and canoes for the {{abbreviation|c.|circa (about)}} 20 properties in its lowest reach at Hamm Court. Only its lower section below a weir is canalized the remainder is natural bank, including with habitat in minor sections for the European water vole and the middle course of the Bourne passes within a short space under the M3 motorway three times in the midst of which the M25 London Orbital Motorway crosses it.^[3]

Surrounding Soil, Elevations and Rainfall

It is a small river, once past Virginia Water lake about 3–5 m wide and flows over land which is geologically between the Bagshot and London Formations, where sands and gravel overlie chalk with limited clay, described as "loamy soils with naturally high groundwater".^[4] Soils are generally around the upper reaches acid heath followed in the lower reaches by alluvium (flood plain deposits).

Below Thorpe the Bourne is one of more Thames tributaries and the wider plain of surrounding land is lower lying. Elevations range as follows:

Flood Risk

In January 2003, the River Bourne burst its banks in Chertsey. Approximately 130 properties were flooded and public buildings, including St Anne's County Primary School, were cut off by floodwater.^[6] Local concerns that this flood was exacerbated by the building of the Jubilee River are false as this scheme protects the Windsor and Maidenhead area, however, the Environment Agency is introducing plans for a new flood alleviation scheme which will create additional capacity to help other affected reaches of the Thames, at Staines upon Thames and Chertsey.^[7]

Fishing

The river is fished. The chub can reach 2 kg, with barbel reported to touch 3 kg. Bream to 1 kg or even carp to 5 kg are reported, along with roach, dace, perch, and pike.^[8]

The stretch of water running past and through Chertsey Meads is particularly full of fish when the River Thames is in spate due to heavy rainfall because the fish swim up the River Bourne to escape the turbulence.