| 词条 | River Washburn |
| 释义 |
| name = River Washburn | image = Washburn-lindley.png | image_caption = The River Washburn approaching Lindley Wood Reservoir | source1_location = Washburn Head | source1_coordinates= {{coord|54|3|46|N|1|50|50|W|name=Source of River Washburn}} | mouth_location = River Wharfe near Pool | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|53|54|39|N|1|39|6|W|name=Mouth of River Washburn|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = England | length = {{convert|26|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|391|m|abbr=on}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|49|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|87.3|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}[1] }} The River Washburn is a river in Yorkshire, England. It originates high in the Yorkshire Dales and ends where it meets the River Wharfe. It lies within the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.[2] NameThe earliest recorded form of the river's name was Walkesburn, from the early 12th century. The name is thought to come from an Old English personal name Walc, not otherwise recorded, so means "stream of a man named Walc".[3] CourseThe river's source is at Washburn Head, just south of Stump Cross Caverns and from there flows southwards via Thruscross Reservoir, Blubberhouses, Fewston Reservoir, Swinsty Reservoir and Lindley Wood Reservoir before joining the River Wharfe just north-west of Pool-in-Wharfedale. ReservoirsThe Washburn has been dammed to a series of four reservoirs, all built to supply water to the city of Leeds. The lower three (Lindley Wood, Swinsty and Fewston) were built at the end of the 19th century, while the fourth, Thruscross, was delayed until the 1960s.[4] Fewston and Swinsty Reservoirs have a surface area of around 1.6 km² and a combined length of 4.1 km and Thackray Beck and Spinksburn Beck are major tributaries flowing into these reservoirs.[5] Capelshaw Beck is the main tributary flowing into Thruscross reservoir.[2] GeologyWhere the valley has not been flooded to make reservoirs, the sides are 'V' shaped. The valley floor consists of solid Millstone Grit overlain with till drift. The drainage can be described as slowly permeable and seasonally waterlogged. The bedrock is covered with fine loam over clay soils and some peat soils at higher elevations on the fringe of the moorland.[2][5][6] GeographyThe river valley has grassland that is intensively managed for livestock. There are also a range of field sizes, bounded by stonewalls often reinforced with post and wire fencing plus some post and rail fencing. There are very large forestry conifer plantations around the reservoirs as well as at Beecroft Moor Plantation with conifer shelterbelts at Carlhow Ridge Plantation. Deciduous tree clumps can be found around settlements. Ancient Semi-Natural woodland can still be seen at Blubberhouses, Folly Hall Wood, Hanging Wood and Ellers Wood. There is evidence of past quarrying of local stone for buildings and walls. The river valley is crossed by the Harrogate Dales Way Link.[2][5] Further reading
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/data/station.html?27011|title=Washburn Statistics|work=National River Flow Archives|publisher=Centre for Ecology & Hydrology|accessdate= 18 February 2011}} {{Rivers of Yorkshire}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.harrogate.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/1199/14_upper_washburn_valley.pdf|title=Upper Washburn Valley Landscape Character Assessment|accessdate=27 August 2017}} 3. ^{{Citation | contribution = Washburn | year = 2010 | title = The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names | editor-last = Watts | editor-first = Victor | volume = | pages = | place = | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn=9780521168557 }} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Bowtell, Harold D| title=Lesser Railways of the Yorkshire Dales and the Dam Builders in the Age of Steam| publisher=Plateway Press| year=1991| isbn=1-871980-09-7}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.harrogate.gov.uk/downloads/file/1201/16_middle_washburn_valley|title=Middle Washburn Valley Landscape Character Assessment|accessdate=27 August 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://pygs.lyellcollection.org/content/23/5/319.extract|title=Y.G.S.Extract|accessdate=1 May 2011}} 1 : Rivers of North Yorkshire |
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