| 词条 | River Wiske |
| 释义 |
| name = River Wiske | image = River Wiske - geograph.org.uk - 741802.jpg | image_caption = River Wiske close to its confluence with the River Swale | source1_location = Confluence of Stony Lane Beck and Carr Beck nr Ingleby Arncliffe | source1_coordinates= {{coord|54|23|10|N|1|19|25|W|name=Source of River Wiske}} | mouth_location = River Swale nr Kirby Wiske | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|54|14|38|N|1|26|19|W|name=Mouth of River Wiske|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = England | length = {{convert|46.9|km|mi}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|69|m|ft}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|21|m|ft}} | basin_size = {{convert|215.5|km2|sqmi}} }}{{River Wiske}} The River Wiske is a river in the county of Yorkshire, England and is a tributary of the River Swale. The Wiske gives its name to several of the villages it passes through. The name Wiske is derived from an Old English word wisca meaning a water meadow.[1] The river was maintained by the River Wiske Internal Drainage Board, which itself, was part of the Shires Group of IDBs.[2] It lies within the national character areas (NCAs) of the Vale of Mowbray and the Tees Lowlands. CourseThe river becomes the Wiske at the confluence of Carr Beck and Stony Lane Beck south of the village of Ingleby Arncliffe close to the Tontine Bridge where the A19 and A172 roads diverge. It flows north in a series of meanders as far as East Rounton where it turns north-westerly and then westerly past Appleton Wiske.[3] The river continues to flow westerly until just after passing under the A167 road near Great Smeaton where it turns south. It follows a mainly southerly direction towards Danby Wiske, Yafforth, and Northallerton. The river then alternates between a southerly and south-south-easterly direction until Kirby Wiske, where it turns south-west to join the River Swale.[4] Water from the river eventually enters the sea at Spurn Head at the mouth of the River Humber. HistoryDuring the drought of 1995/96 Yorkshire Water installed a pipeline connecting the River Tees near Darlington to the river near Birkby, south of Great Smeaton. This link enables water to be transferred from the Tyne and Wear into the Tees and thence to the Wiske for pumping out from the River Ouse at York. Although the pipeline was never used it was tested and remains as an "insurance policy". There are ongoing concerns about the biological impact of mixing water in Yorkshire's rivers.[5] The river is maintained by the Swale and Ure Internal Drainage Board. It used to be maintained by its own River Wiske IDB, but in 2012, five of the IDBs within the Vale of Mowbray and Hambleton District, were combined to form the one IDB.[6] The River Wiske suffers from pollution and flooding problems. Pollution is of a high nitrogen content from the agricultural industry[7] whilst excess water from the A19 flows into the river at its source.[8] Flooding of villages on the route and in its tributaries (such as Brompton near Northallerton) has become problematic with limited availability of land upstream to store water in times of high flow.[9][10] The Environment Agency and the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust, have undertaken work along the course of the river to remediate these issues.[11] GeologyThe River Wiske is underlain by a range of geological deposits, including undifferentiated sandstone, conglomerate, undifferentiated mudstone, siltstone and sandstone from the Triassic period, and the Lias group consisting of mudstone, siltstone, limestone and sandstone from the Mesozoic period.[12] Natural historyThere are four areas of non-statutory Nature Conservation Sites along the river: Middlebrough plantation just outside Newby Wiske; Stony Lane Pond near the confluence of Stony Lane Beck and Carr Beck; Pepper Arden Bottoms near East Cowton and Pheasantry Wood and Fox Covert near Danby Wiske.[12] The river passes through farmland bounded by hedgerows with some wet woodland near Kirby Wiske and some grassland near Newby Wiske.[12] Biodiversity audits carried out in 2010 found European water vole on the river between Danby Wiske and Brompton Beck. European otters were found on the river between North Otterington and Kirby Wiske. Soprano pipistrelle and brown long-eared bat were also found in the area along with kingfisher, reed bunting and lapwing.[12] Lists{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}Tributaries
Settlements
Crossings
Gallery{{Gallery| title = River Wiske Images | lines = 5 | width = 180| height = 140 |File:River Wiske near Danby - geograph.org.uk - 269293.jpg|River Wiske near Danby. {{Coord|54.382685|-1.482633}} |File:The River Wiske flowing under the old A167 bridge - geograph.org.uk - 154482.jpg|The River Wiske flowing under the old A167 bridge. {{Coord|54.426645|-1.465125}} |File:Little Smeaton Bridge over the River Wiske. - geograph.org.uk - 1218064.jpg|Little Smeaton Bridge over the River Wiske. {{Coord|54.426816|-1.462965}} |File:River Wiske - geograph.org.uk - 376133.jpg|River Wiske flowing under the Wiske Railway Bridge. {{Coord|54.428799|-1.371070}} |File:River Wiske - geograph.org.uk - 403559.jpg|River Wiske looking downstream from Kirby Wiske bridge {{Coord|54.256951|-1.422807}} }} References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Ekwall|first1=Eilert|title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names|date=1960|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-869103-3|page=526|edition=4}} {{Commonscat|River Wiske}}{{Rivers of Yorkshire}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wiske}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shiregroup-idbs.gov.uk/IDBindex.asp?Ref=2|title=Management|accessdate=21 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004022101/http://www.shiregroup-idbs.gov.uk/IDBindex.asp?Ref=2|archivedate=4 October 2011|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Wiske from Source to Trenholme Stell|url=http://environment.data.gov.uk/catchment-planning/WaterBody/GB104027069550|website=environment.data.gov.uk|accessdate=29 December 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Wiske from Trenholme Stell to River Swale|url=http://environment.data.gov.uk/catchment-planning/WaterBody/GB104027069530|website=environment.data.gov.uk|accessdate=29 December 2017}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Kelly|first1=Martyn|title=Many rivers to cross|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/many-rivers-to-cross-1337567.html|accessdate=29 December 2017|work=The Independent|date=17 June 1996}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sandudb.gov.uk/|title=Swale and Ure Drainage Board|website=www.sandudb.gov.uk|accessdate=29 December 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=NVZ Name: River Wiske from Trenholme Stell to River Swale NVZ|url=http://apps.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/nvz/NVZ2017_S307_Datasheet.pdf|website=environment-agency.gov.uk|accessdate=29 December 2017|page=15|format=PDF|date=June 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=River Wiske A Shared Responsibility?|url=http://www.ywt.org.uk/sites/default/files/170811_river_wiske_leaflet_public_sh.pdf|website=ywt.org.uk|accessdate=29 December 2017|page=1|format=PDF}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=River Wiske - Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust|url=http://www.yorkshiredalesriverstrust.com/projects/dales-vales-rivers-network-projects/river-wiske/|website=Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust|accessdate=29 December 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=River Wiske Corridor {{!}} Yorkshire Wildlife Trust|url=http://www.ywt.org.uk/river-wiske|website=www.ywt.org.uk|accessdate=29 December 2017}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Foster|first1=Mark|title=River Wiske restoration project is to be extended|url=http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/news/15493756.River_Wiske_restoration_project_is_to_be_extended/|accessdate=29 December 2017|work=Darlington and Stockton Times|date=25 August 2017}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.shiregroup-idbs.gov.uk/Admin/Environmental/River%20Wiske%20IDB%20BAP%20Final.pdf|title=Geology of River Wiske|accessdate=21 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004022112/http://www.shiregroup-idbs.gov.uk/Admin/Environmental/River%20Wiske%20IDB%20BAP%20Final.pdf|archivedate=4 October 2011|df=dmy-all}} 1 : Rivers of North Yorkshire |
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