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词条 RM-70 multiple rocket launcher
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Variants

     Czech and Slovak Republics  Croatia 

  3. Operators

     Current operators  Former operators 

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Infobox weapon
|name= RM-70 multiple rocket launcher
| image= T813 army2.JPG
| image_size = 300
|caption= Czech Republic Land Forces RM-70
|origin= Czechoslovakia
|type= Self-propelled multiple rocket launcher
|is_ranged=
|is_artillery= yes
|is_vehicle= yes
|service= 1972-present
|used_by= See users
|wars= Western Sahara War[1]
2008 South Ossetia war, Sri Lankan Civil War, 2011 Libyan Civil War, War in Afghanistan, Yemeni Civil War (2015-present)
|designer=
|design_date=
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date=
|number=
|variants=
|spec_label=
|weight= 33.7 tonnes (74,295 lbs)
|length= {{convert|8.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|part_length=
|width={{convert|2.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|height={{convert|2.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|diameter=
|crew= 6
|cartridge=
|caliber=122.4 mm (4.8 in)
|barrels= 40
|action=
|rate=
|velocity=
|range=
|max_range={{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|feed=
|sights=
|breech=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation=
|traverse=
|armour=Steel
|primary_armament=
|secondary_armament= Universal machine gun vz. 59
|engine=T-903-3 V-12 multi-fuel
|engine_power=250 hp (184 kW)
|transmission=
|payload_capacity=
|fuel_capacity=
|pw_ratio=
|suspension= 8×8 wheeled
|clearance=
|vehicle_range={{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|speed={{convert|85|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
|guidance=
}}

The RM-70 (raketomet vzor 1970) multiple rocket launcher is a Czechoslovakian army version and heavier variant of the BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher, providing enhanced performance over its parent area-saturation rocket artillery system that was introduced in 1971[1] (the NATO designation is M1972).

Overview

RM-70 was developed in Czechoslovakia as a successor for the RM-51, achieving initial operational capability with its Army in 1972. The launcher was being produced in Dubnica nad Váhom (Slovakia). Originally, it was sold to East Germany. After the Soviet Union collapse and the split of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic, it was sold to several states in Africa, America, Asia and Europe.

RM-70 replaced the Ural-375D 6x6 truck by a Tatra T813 "Kolos" 8x8 truck as carrier platform for the 40-round launcher. The new carrier vehicle provides enough space for carrying 40 additional 122mm rockets pack for reload. Nevertheless, RM-70 performance remains near the same as Grad even in terms of vehicle's speed and range. This rocket launcher can fire both individual rounds and volleys, principally by means of indirect fire. It is designed for concentrated fire coverage of large areas (up to 3 hectares in one volley) by high explosive fragmentation shells. The fire is robust with almost 256 kg of explosives used in one volley of 40 rockets. The rockets used are either the original Soviet 9M22 and 9M28, or locally developed models. These are the JROF with a range of 20.75 km, the JROF-K with a range of 11 km, the "Trnovnik" with 63 HEAT-bomblets and with a range of 17.5 km, the "Kuš" with five PPMI-S1 anti-personnel mines or the "Krizhna-R" with 4 anti-tank mines PTMI-D and with a range of 19,450 m.

The vehicle is provided with a central tyre pressure regulation system (to allow its adaptation to the nature of the traversed ground), a headlight with white light on the forward cab roof and, if necessary, with a snow plough SSP 1000 or a dozer blade BZ-T to arrange its own emplacement or to remove obstacles.

Variants

Czech and Slovak Republics

  • RM-70 - Basic model, as described.[2]
  • {{vanchor |RM-70/85|RM-70M}} - Unarmored version of the RM-70, based on the Tatra T815 VPR9 8x8.1R truck with 265 hp engine T3-930-51. Combat weight: 26.1 t. Sometimes called RM-70M.[3]
  • {{vanchor |RM-70/85M|85M}} - Modernised vehicle with new fire control and navigation equipment, can use a new type of rocket with a range of 36 km. Slovakia has ordered 50 upgrade packages.[4]
  • {{vanchor |RM-70 Modular}} - In December 2000, the Slovak Ministry of Defense and Delta Defence started the RM-70 Modular German-Slovak modernization project. RM-70 Modular allows this artillery system to launch either twenty-eight 122mm rockets, or six 227mm rockets as used on the M270 MLRS. This way the system became fully NATO interoperable. The truck cabin is entirely armored. The Slovak Republic signed for 26 upgraded artillery systems with the first one delivered on May 20, 2005. RM-70 Modular is being offered as an upgrade for RM-70 owners.[5]
{{anchor |Vz.92|VMZ vz.92 Križan}}
  • Vz.92 "Križan" VMZ (velkokapacitní mobilní zatarasovač) - Engineer vehicle, based on the Tatra T815 36.265 with a lightly armoured cabin. The vehicle comes in different configurations, the standard being a 40-round rocket launcher (for "Kuš" and "Krizhna-R" rockets), a mechanical mine layer for anti-tank mines (PT Mi-U or PT Mi-Ba-III) and two dispensers for anti-personnel mines (PP Mi-S1).[6]
  • {{vanchor |RM-70 Vampire}} - Upgraded version integrated on a Tatra T-815-7 truck chassis powered by a Tatra T3C V8 engine[7] with 270 kW of output, coupled with a Tatra 10 TS 210 N gearbox, with semi-automatic Tatra Norgen drive system and an additional gearbox Tatra 2.30TRS. It has a range of around {{convert|1,000|km|mi|abbr=on}} and a top speed of {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} with an armored and NBC-protected crew cabin.[8]

Croatia

  • LRSV-122 M-96 "Tajfun" (samovozni višecijevni lanser raketa) - Modified version with 4 rows of 8 launch tubes on an unarmoured Tatra T813 truck. Like the M-77 Oganj and the Chinese Type 90A, the launcher and reloading pack are covered by a collapsible awning for protection and camouflage when traveling. Combat weight: 23.5 t. Only a very small number was built.
{{clear}}

Operators

Current operators

  • {{ANG}} - 40 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=429}}
  • {{AZE}} - RM-70 Vampire[9][10][11][12]
  • {{CAM}} - 5 RM-70 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=239}}
  • {{COD}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=441}}
  • {{ECU}} - 6 RM-70 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=396}}
  • {{FIN}} - 36 RM-70/85 (locally known as 122 RakH 89)
  • {{GEO}} - 18 Upgraded RM -70 in service {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=184}}
  • {{GRE}} - 111 RM-70 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=104}}(formerly East-German)
  • {{INA}} - 9 acquired around 2003, 8 new RM-70 Vampir acquired in 2016[13]
  • {{flag|Libya}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=342}} - 36 (sold by Czechoslovakia between 1975-1976)
  • {{NGA}} - Unknown quantity,{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=461}} 2 confirmed delivered
  • {{PRK}} - Unknown number purchased from second-hand sources[14]
  • {{POL}} - 30 RM-70 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=127}}
  • {{RWA}} - 5 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=463}}
  • {{SADR}} - At least 1[15]
  • {{SVK}} - 4 RM-70 and 26 RM-70/85 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=137}}
  • {{SRI}} - 22 RM-70 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=289}}
  • {{UGA}} - 6 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=475}}
  • {{ZIM}} - 60 RM-70 {{as of|2016|lc=yes}}{{sfn|Military Balance 2016|p=478}}

Former operators

  • {{BUL}} - 12 imported in 2009[16](reexport, not commissioned in the Bulgarian Army)
  • {{CZE}} - 60 RM-70 (decommissioned as of end of 2011 without replacement){{cn|date=January 2019}}
  • {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} - Passed on to the Czech Republic and Slovakia after its dissolution{{cn|date=January 2019}}
  • {{GDR}} - 265 RM-70 and RM-70M; delivered to Greece after the collapse of the GDR{{cn|date=January 2019}}
  • {{DEU}} - Inherited from the GDR, donated to Greece{{cn|date=January 2019}}
  • {{flagicon image|Flag of Taliban.svg}} Taliban{{cn|date=January 2019}}

See also

  • BM-21 Grad
  • WR-40 Langusta
  • RS-122

References

{{commons category|RM-70}}
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vojenstvi.cz/vasedotazy_83.htm |title=Československé vojenství - Vaše dotazy - Odpovědi na dotazy 1231. - 1245 |publisher=Vojenstvi.cz |date= |accessdate=2014-05-05}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/t/12582/title/CZK-vz-70-122mm-raketomet |title=CZK - vz. 70 (122mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy |publisher=Forum.valka.cz |date= |accessdate=2014-05-05}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/t/19889/title/CZK-vz-70-85-122mm-raketomet |title=CZK - vz. 70/85 (122mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy |publisher=Forum.valka.cz |date= |accessdate=2014-05-05}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/t/12993 |title=SVK - RM 70/85M (122mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy |publisher=Forum.valka.cz |date= |accessdate=2014-05-05}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/t/12992/title/SVK-DEU-RM-70-Modular-122mm-227mm-raketomet/sid/e95ba955c3793b2a072e25f41f0d7740 |title=SVK/DEU - RM 70/85 Modular (122mm / 227mm raketomet) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Raketomety a taktické raketové systémy |publisher=Forum.valka.cz |date= |accessdate=2014-05-05}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/t/13335/highlight/ |title=CZK - VMZ vz.92 Križan (velkokapacitní mobilní zatarasovač) :: Československo / ČR / SR (CZK/CZE/SVK) :: Speciální nástavby |publisher=Forum.valka.cz |date= |accessdate=2014-05-05}}
7. ^http://www.tatratrucks.com/why-tatra/tatra-vehicle-design/tatra-engine/
8. ^Excalibur Army offers a modern version of the RM-70 rocket artillery system - Armyrecognition.com, 13 April 2016
9. ^{{cite web|title=Czech Dana M1 152mm 8x8 howitzers RM-70 Vampir MLRS in service with Azerbaijan army|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/september_2017_global_defense_security_news_industry/czech_dana_m1_152mm_8x8_howitzers_rm-70_vampir_mlrs_in_service_with_azerbaijan_army.html|website=Army Recognition|accessdate=23 September 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170923105225/https://www.armyrecognition.com/september_2017_global_defense_security_news_industry/czech_dana_m1_152mm_8x8_howitzers_rm-70_vampir_mlrs_in_service_with_azerbaijan_army.html|archivedate=23 September 2017|date=21 September 2017|deadurl=yes|df=}}
10. ^{{cite web|last1=Nakra|first1=Daksh|title=Exercise reveals Azerbaijani Army Dana SPH and RM-70 MRL|url=http://www.janes.com/article/74290/|website=IHS Jane's 360|accessdate=23 September 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170923105108/http://www.janes.com/article/74290/exercise-reveals-azerbaijani-army-dana-sph-and-rm-70-mrl|archivedate=23 September 2017|date=21 September 2017|deadurl=yes|df=}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Large-scale military exercises started in Azerbaijan – PHOTO/VİDEO|url=http://en.azeridefence.com/large-scale-military-exercises-started-in-azerbaijan-photo-video/|website=Azeri Defence|accessdate=23 September 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170923105032/http://en.azeridefence.com/large-scale-military-exercises-started-in-azerbaijan-photo-video/|archivedate=23 September 2017|date=18 September 2017|deadurl=yes|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Azərbaycan yeni artilleriya sistemlərini təlimdə sınaqdan çıxarır – FOTO|url=http://az.azeridefence.com/azerbaycan-yeni-artilleriya-sistemlerini-telimde-sinaqdan-cixarir-foto/|website=Azeri Defence|accessdate=23 September 2017|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170923104750/http://az.azeridefence.com/azerbaycan-yeni-artilleriya-sistemlerini-telimde-sinaqdan-cixarir-foto/|archivedate=23 September 2017|language=Azerbaijani|date=18 September 2017|deadurl=yes|df=}}
13. ^http://www.marinir.tnial.mil.id/index.php?berita=detail&id=2001
14. ^Analysis: New combat vehicles and tanks at military parade in North Korea by Army Recognition {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418082622/http://armyrecognition.com/april_2017_global_defense_security_news_industry/analysis_new_combat_vehicles_and_tanks_at_military_parade_in_south_korea_by_army_recognition_11704172.html |date=2017-04-18 }} - Armyrecognition.com, 17 April 2017
15. ^1 {{cite report|title=RM-70 MULTIPLE ROCKET LAUNCHES WITH POLISARIO FORCES AAIN UM SERUSA POLISARIO CAMP, WESTERN SAHARA (SANITIZED)|date=March 26, 1982|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/document/cia-rdp82t00709r000100120001-3}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.un-register.org/HeavyWeapons/CountryDetail.aspx?Register_Id=1782|title=Bulgarian arms imports, 2009 calendar year|publisher=UNODA|accessdate=14 June 2013}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2016|date=February 2016|volume=116|isbn=9781857438352 |publisher=Routlegde|ref={{harvid|Military Balance 2016}}|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}
  • Deagel, RM-70
  • Army Recognition, RM-70
  • Ministry of Defence of Czech Republic, Rocket Launcher 122 mm type 70

External links

  • Diehl BGT Defence RM-70 Modular
  • RM-70 M1972 122mm MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket System on armyrecognition.com
{{ModernPOLAFVsNav | style= wide }}

4 : Rocket artillery|Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers|Artillery of Czechoslovakia|Multiple rocket launchers
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