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词条 RMS Celtic (1901)
释义

  1. History

     Launch  Mine and torpedoing incidents  Post-World War I collisions  Final demise 

  2. References

     Notes  Bibliography 

  3. External links

{{other ships|Celtic (ship)}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}{{Use British English|date=September 2017}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=The Royal Navy 1919-1939 Q70627.jpgShip caption=RMS Celtic in 1919.
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=UKShip name=RMS CelticShip owner=White Star LineUK|government}}Ship operator=Ship registry=Ship route=Liverpool - New York CityShip ordered=Ship builder=Harland and Wolff, BelfastShip original cost=Ship yard number=335Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=4 April 1901Ship completed=11 July 1901Ship christened=Ship acquired=Ship maiden voyage=26 July 1901Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship identification=Ship fate=Ran aground on 10 December 1928, scrapped on siteShip status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=20,904}}Ship displacement=701|ft|m|abbr=on}}75|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship draught=14000|ihp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}}Ship propulsion=*2 × quadruple-expansion steam engines
  • 2 × screws
16|kn|mph km/h|lk=in|abbr=on}}Ship capacity=*As built 2,857 passengers (300 1st class, 160 2nd class, 2,350 steerage);
  • 1927 1,600 passenger (350 1st class, 250 2nd class, 1,000 3rd class)[1]
Ship crew=Ship notes=
}}
RMS Celtic was an ocean liner owned by the White Star Line. The first ship larger than the {{SS|Great Eastern}} in gross tonnage (it was also {{convert|9|ft}} longer), Celtic was the first of a quartet of ships over 20,000 tons, dubbed The Big Four.[2]

History

Launch

Celtic was launched on 4 April 1901 from the Harland and Wolff shipyards in Belfast, and set off on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York City on 26 July.

She and her three sisters proved to be immensely popular with travelers, particularly immigrants. During the infamous 1904 Rate War she set the record for the highest number of passengers carried in a single crossing in White Star's history. She arrived in New York on 16 September fully booked with 2,957 passengers on board.

At the beginning of the First World War, Celtic was converted into an armed merchant cruiser; however since the vessel had a high fuel consumption it was decided to convert her into a troop ship in January 1916 when she was used to carry soldiers to Egypt. She was put back on the transatlantic route in March 1916.

Mine and torpedoing incidents

In 1917, Celtic struck a mine off the Isle of Man. Seventeen people on board were killed, but the Celtic survived. A number of passengers were rescued by the London and North Western Railway ship Slieve Bawn. Celtic was towed to Peel Bay and repaired in Belfast. In March 1918, U-Boat {{SMS|UB-77||2|sub=y}} torpedoed Celtic in the Irish Sea. Six people on board were killed, but again Celtic remained afloat. Eventually the damaged vessel was towed to Liverpool and repaired again.

Post-World War I collisions

After the war, Celtic was involved in two collisions. The first incident occurred in 1925 while in the Mersey, when she accidentally rammed the Coast Line’s ship Hampshire Coast. Both vessels suffered only minor damage. The second collision took place on 29 January 1927, when Celtic was rammed in thick fog by the American Diamond Lines' Anaconda off Fire Island.[3][4]

Final demise

Early on 10 December 1928,[5] Celtic became stranded on the Cow and Calf rocks, adjacent to Roches Point as she approached Cobh with more than 200 passengers aboard. The Ballycotton Lifeboat T.P.Hearne 2, along with tugs, a destroyer and local life-saving teams, arrived. Tenders from Cobh disembarked the passengers.[6] Seven thousand tons of cargo were scattered. A salvage team from Cox and Danks was provided to attempt recovery, but several men died after a hold loaded with grain and flooded with seawater was found to have filled with toxic fumes; due to structural failures it was judged the ship could not be moved or salvaged, and was abandoned to the insurance company who declared the ship to be a total loss. Celtic was completely dismantled for scrap by 1933.[7]

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References

Notes

1. ^{{cite book | title = Great Passenger Ships of the World Vol 1 1858-1912 | author = Arnold Kludas | isbn = 0-85059-174-0 | publisher= Patrick Stephens Ltd | page = 90}}
2. ^* {{cite journal |last=Roberts |first=Chalmers |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=August 1901 |title=The Biggest Ship |journal=The World's Work: A History of Our Time |volume=II |issue= |pages=1176–1179 |id= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IF6tNZnhO7wC&pg=PA1176|accessdate=2009-07-09 |quote= }}
3. ^White Star Line History Website: RMS Celtic
4. ^oceanlinersmagazine.com Celtic Collision {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816075020/http://oceanlinersmagazine.com/2015/01/28/celtic-collision/ |date=16 August 2016 }}
5. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Casualty reports |day_of_week=Tuesday |date=11 December 1928 |page_number=23 |issue=45073 |column=F }}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Leach|first=Nicholas|title=Ballycotton Lifeboats|year=2009|publisher=Landmark|isbn=978-1-84306-472-5|page=32}}
7. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.thegreatoceanliners.com/celtic2.html| title=Celtic II| publisher=The Great Ocean Liners| author=Daniel Othfors| accessdate=2008-12-14}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Chirnside|first1=Mark|title=The 'Big Four' of the White Star Fleet: Celtic, Cedric, Baltic & Adriatic|date=2016|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud, Gloucestershire|isbn=9780750965972}}
{{refend}}

External links

  • Great ships: Celtic
  • The great ocean liners: Celtic
{{Navboxes|list={{Largest passenger ships}}{{Big Four (ocean liners)}}{{White Star Line ships}}{{1917 shipwrecks}}{{March 1918 shipwrecks}}{{1925 shipwrecks}}{{1927 shipwrecks}}{{1928 shipwrecks}}}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Celtic (1901)}}

11 : Ships built in Belfast|Ships of the White Star Line|Auxiliary cruisers of the Royal Navy|1901 ships|Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|Maritime incidents in 1917|Maritime incidents in 1918|Maritime incidents in 1925|Maritime incidents in 1927|Maritime incidents in 1928|Ships built by Harland and Wolff
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