“Roads in Kerala”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Kerala, southern most state of India has a network of 11 National Highways, 72 State Highways and many district roads.

Distribution of roads

National highways

Kerala has eight National Highways which run for about 1811.52 km. Kerala has narrower National Highways compared to other parts of India. Kerala is the only state, other than Goa, which has requested for narrower highways in the state. NHAI upgrades highways to a minimum 4-lane, 60-meter-wide, grade-separated highway or a better standard across India. But in Kerala, National Highways are being upgraded to 45-meter-wide highways.^[3] Previous Kerala State Government had requested the NHAI to reduce the width of National highways in the state to 30-meters, although neighbouring Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are upgrading their National Highways as 60-meters or more wider highways, with futuristic provision for 6/8-lane highway.^[4] The reason cited by the State Government was the difficulty and disinterest in Land Acquisition, which is the responsibility of the State Government. NHAI had stopped working on many of the highway widening/upgrade projects as there are opposition from the local population for highway widening.

Government under chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan has taken steps to develop the NH 66 (Kasargod to Thiruvananthapuram) into six lane. But, proposed six lane highways with 45 m Right of Way in Kerala will not have the wide medians to help the trucks and large vehicles to take the U-Turn without blocking the high speed traffic, which is a common feature in other parts of India.^[5]

Six-laning of National Highways in Kerala

Kerala's first six lane National Highway is coming up on the NH 544 between stretches of Thrissur and Vadakkencherry. The project is proposed to be completed by January 2019. Kerala's first and biggest six lane tunnel highway is also coming up on the stretch at Kuthiran in Thrissur district. The work for the Kuthiran highway tunnel [https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/c-ready/article22791595.ece almost complete]. It is the part of Kochi -Thrissur-Palakkad- Walayar stretch of four-lane NH 544

Kerala has not been allocated Greenfield 8-lane access-controlled expressways like other south Indian states as part of Bharatmala Pariyojana, as many brownfield projects of NHDP projects have still not started.

The Palakkad—Thrissur—Kochi stretch of NH 544 is a part of North-South and East-West Corridor of the Indian highway system. Due to the previous land acquisition crisis, NHAI had also stopped the feasibility study of the project under NHDP–Phase-III scheme in the stretch of NH 66 earlier, but has begun again after the strict demand of present Chief Minister.^[7] There was a proposal for construction of standalone ring road/bypasses around Tiruvananthapuram City under NHDP Phase VII.

State highways

There are 72 state highways in Kerala. Of them, MC Road (Main-Central Road), proposed Hill Highway (Kerala) and Main Eastern Highway are the largest. The respective State Highway number is displayed on the top of all milestones (black in colour in green background) on the respective road.

The State Road Improvement Project (SRIP) envisages to improve and upgrade 1200 km of State Highways and Major District Roads to enhance the capacity and riding quality with proper maintenance plan, road safety and reducing the expenditure on periodic maintenance. The project is implemented by Road Infrastructure Company Kerala (RICK) Ltd. Road Infrastructure Company Kerala Limited (RICK) was incorporated on March 2012 as a Special Purpose Vehicle with paid up capital contributed by Government of Kerala (51%) and Kerala Road Fund Board (49%).^[9] About 29 road sections totalling to a length of 469 km has identified for rehabilitation improvements by the company. Rehabilitation project include strengthening/reconstruction of pavement/structure, junction improvements, provision of road furniture, bus bay byes and other traffic management measures. The company plans to upgrade 32 roads of 644 km. Upgrades involve widening the carriageway with paved shoulder (1.5 m on either side), widening of narrow CD works, geometric improvements, junction improvements, identifying the grade separation requirements, etc.

The Kerala State Transport Project, costing 336 million US dollars (Rs 1612 crores) - of which World Bank financing is US $255 million (Rs 1224 crores) and State's contribution is US $79.00 million(Rs 388 crores), aims to improve traffic flow and road safety on Kerala State's primary road network, and to strengthen the institutional and financial capacity of Kerala's key transport sector agencies. The KSTP was designed to upgrade 581 km and cover 1000 km under maintenance in two Phases. However, due to several reasons including delay in land acquisition, only 254 km of Phase I road was upgraded and maintenance works for 1180 km were carried out from June 2002 and December 2009. The KSTP phase 2 envisages upgrading 363 km of SH and MDR, Road Safety Management and Institutional Strengthening of PWD. The total Project cost is 445 million USD out of which 216 million USD is loan assistance from World Bank.

City roads

The government is planning to improve all the major city roads in Kerala.^[11] Roads in Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Kozhikode and Kannur city roads will get some major facelifts through this project.^[12]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web | title=Economic review 2015 | accessdate=Feb 7, 2015}}
2. ^{{cite web| url=http://spb.kerala.gov.in/images/er/er14/Chapter5/Appendix/5-2.pdf| title=Economic review 2015| accessdate=Feb 27, 2016}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
3. ^http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/highway-authority-projects-hit-road-block-in-kerala-goa-bengal-112031100019_1.html
4. ^http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/keralas-move-to-restrict-road-width-draws-flak/article5101305.ece
5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/200317/kerala-safety-card-wins-six-lane-highway.html|title=Kerala: Safety card wins six-lane highway|date=2017-03-20|work=deccanchronicle.com/|access-date=2018-01-03|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/418-km-from-state-under-bharatmala-pariyojana/article19918975.ece|title=Bharatmala: 418 km for Kerala|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S. Anil|date=2017-10-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-03|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/lite/story/pinarayi-vijayan-kerala-flyover-kochi-land-acquisition/1/1071530.html&ved=0ahUKEwjzlM6t1IHXAhUKOI8KHfGTDpAQFghFMAI&usg=AOvVaw2ID88xl36MCsDzye9onBmK&cf=1|title=Why CM Pinarayi Vijayan is on a highway drive across Kerala|date=19 October 2017}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_911212381281Project-Sanction-Letter-Aligarh-Moradabad-NH-93.PDF|title=NHDP Phase IV|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219172207/http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_911212381281Project-Sanction-Letter-Aligarh-Moradabad-NH-93.PDF|archive-date=2017-02-19|dead-url=yes|access-date=}}
9. ^http://rickltd.org/projects/
10. ^http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-scales-down-speeid-projects/article6634323.ece
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/krfb-eyeing-districts-too/article2647028.ece|title=KRFB eyeing districts too|publisher=The Hindu|date=20 November 2011|accessdate=14 July 2017}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://keralapwd.gov.in/keralapwd/eknowledge/Upload/documents/1496.pdf|title=Infrastructure Conference 2012|publisher=Government of Kerala|date=|accessdate=14 July 2017}}
13. ^Economic Review 2015