| 词条 | Robert B. Oakley |
| 释义 |
| name = Robert B. Oakley | image = Robert Oakley in Somalia.JPEG | caption = Robert Oakley in Somalia in 1993 | office = 19th U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan | president = Ronald Reagan George H. W. Bush | term_start = 18 August 1988 | term_end = 29 August 1991 | predecessor = Arnold Lewis Raphel | successor = Nicholas Platt | office1 = U.S. Ambassador to Somalia | president1 = Ronald Reagan | term_start1 = 30 September 1982 | term_end1 = 12 August 1984 | predecessor1 = Donald K. Petterson | successor1 = Peter Bridges | office2 = U.S. Ambassador to Zaire | president2 = Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan | term_start2 = 06 November 1979 | term_end2 = 22 August 1982 | predecessor2 = Walter L. Cutler | successor2 = Peter Dalton Constable | birth_name = Robert Bigger Oakley | birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|3|12}} | birth_place = Dallas, Texas, United States | death_date = {{Death date and age|2014|12|10|1931|3|12}} | death_place = McLean, Virginia, United States | party = Republican Party | spouse = {{marriage|Phyllis E. Oakley|1958|2014}} (his death) | military = United States Navy | alma_mater = South Kent School, Princeton University | resting_place = }}Robert Bigger Oakley (March 12, 1931 – December 10, 2014) was an American diplomat whose 34-year career (1957–1991) as a Foreign Service Officer included appointments as United States Ambassador to Zaire, Somalia, and Pakistan and, in the early 1990s, as a special envoy during the American involvement in Somalia.[1] Department of StateBorn in Dallas, Texas, Oakley graduated in 1948 from Connecticut's South Kent School and spent four years as an Intelligence Officer in the US Navy. He joined the Foreign Service in 1957 and was assigned to the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, in 1958. He first served in the Office of United Nations Political Affairs, Department of State, and later served in American embassies in Abidjan, Saigon, Paris, and Beirut. He also served at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, and as Senior Director for Middle East and South Asia on the staff of the National Security Council. In February 1977, he became Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia and Pacific Affairs. He became U.S. Ambassador to Zaire in November 1979 and U.S. Ambassador to Somalia in August 1982. In September 1984, he was appointed Director of the State Department Office of Combating Terrorism. He again joined the National Security Council Staff on January 1, 1987, as Assistant to the President for Middle East and South Asia. He was named as U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan in August 1988, succeeding Arnold Lewis Raphel, who was killed in an August 17 airplane crash along with Pakistan's President, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq. After retiring from the Foreign Service in September 1991, Oakley became associated with the United States Institute of Peace. In December 1992, he was named by President George H. W. Bush as Special Envoy for Somalia, serving there with Operation Restore Hope until March 1993. In October 1993, he was again named as Special Envoy for Somalia by President Bill Clinton, and served in this capacity until March 1994. In January 1995, he joined the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University. In 2000, prior to the September 11 attacks, Paul Bremer characterized the Clinton administration as "correctly focused on bin Laden", while Oakley criticized their "obsession with Osama". RecognitionsDuring his service with the State Department, Oakley received numerous State Department awards, including: the State Department Meritorious Honor Award, four Presidential Meritorious Service Awards, and the State Department Distinguished Honor Award. For his service as Special Envoy to Somalia, he received a second State Department Distinguished Honor Award and the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service. On June 18, 1993, he received the Diplomatic Award for Excellence of the American Academy of Diplomacy. In October 2008, Oakley was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from Princeton in Africa.[2] FamilyIn Cairo, during June 1958, Oakley married fellow Foreign Service Officer Phyllis Elliott who, under then-prevailing rules, was obliged to resign. The Oakleys have two children, and five grandchildren. Phyllis E. Oakley returned to the Foreign Service in 1974.[3] DeathOakley died in McLean, Virginia from complications from Parkinson's disease, on December 10, 2014, aged 83.[4] References1. ^Robert B. Oakley at the Notable Names Database (NNDB) 2. ^Robert B. Oakley {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720060346/http://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/members/bios/Oakley.htm |date=2011-07-20 }} at The American Academy of Diplomacy 3. ^Phyllis E. Oakley at the Notable Names Database (NNDB) 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/robert-oakley-diplomatic-troubleshooter-dies-at-83/2014/12/11/f3a7dd5c-80a5-11e4-9f38-95a187e4c1f7_story.html|title=Robert Oakley, diplomatic troubleshooter, dies at 83|publisher=Washington Post.com|accessdate=December 11, 2014}} External links
Note: When consulted on June 12, 2016, both of the below links were no longer active.
|title=U.S. Ambassador to Zaire |before=Walter L. Cutler |after=Peter Dalton Constable |years=1979–1982 }}{{succession box |title=U.S. Ambassador to Somalia |before=Donald K. Petterson |after=Peter Bridges |years=1982–1984 }}{{succession box |title=U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan |before=Arnold Lewis Raphel |after=Nicholas Platt |years=1988–1991 }}{{s-end}}{{US Ambassadors to Pakistan}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Oakley, Robert B.}} 9 : Ambassadors of the United States to Somalia|Ambassadors of the United States to Pakistan|Ambassadors of the United States to the Democratic Republic of the Congo|2014 deaths|1931 births|South Kent School alumni|People from Dallas|Virginia Republicans|United States Foreign Service personnel |
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