| 词条 | Robert D. Maxwell | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Robert Dale Maxwell | image = Bob Maxwell 2006 BBC MOH Scholarship Ceremony.jpg | caption = Maxwell in 2006 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1920|10|26}} | death_date = | birth_place = Boise, Idaho | death_place = | placeofburial = | placeofburial_label = Place of burial | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|United States of America}} | branch = {{flag|United States Army}} | serviceyears = 1942 – 1945 | rank = Technician Fifth Grade | servicenumber = | unit = Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division | battles = World War II | awards = Medal of Honor Silver Star (2) Bronze Star Purple Heart (2) }} Robert Dale Maxwell (born October 26, 1920) is a former United States Army combat soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration for valor—the Medal of Honor—for his heroism in France during World War II. He is the oldest of four living Medal of Honor recipients from that war. BiographyMaxwell was born on October 26, 1920, in Boise, Idaho. His parents separated when he was a baby and Maxwell was raised by his grandparents on their farm in Quinter, Kansas. He later lived in Colorado. Military serviceMaxwell was drafted into the Army and entered service from Larimer County, Colorado, in June 1941. He was offered and refused "conscientious objector" status by the army for being a Quaker.[1] He received basic training at Camp Roberts, California and training in advanced infantry tactics at Camp Meade in Maryland. In February 1942, he was sent overseas and landed in North Africa at Casablanca[2] with the 3rd Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division. He was assigned to Headquarters Company as a battalion "wire man"; he carried a heavy roll of cable and was tasked with stringing phone lines to the command post. He began the war armed with a M1 Garand rifle, but was later reclassified as a non-combatant and carried only a .45 caliber pistol. After participating in the North African Campaign with his unit, this was followed by the Allied invasion of Sicily on July 10, 1943, marching to Palermo, and on to Messina. The 7th Infantry then landed at Salerno in September shortly after the Allied invasion of mainland Italy and fought northwards to an area near Cassino. During the early stages of the subsequent Battle of Anzio in January 1944, Private First Class Maxwell repaired damaged wire lines to maintain communication on January 31 under intense artillery fire for over three hours and was wounded in the leg. For his actions under fire that day, he was awarded the Silver Star.[3] He spent the next few months recovering at a hospital in Naples. He rejoined his unit in time for the invasion of southern France (Operation Dragoon) in August 1944 and the following advance inland. On September 7, near Besançon in eastern France, Technician Fifth Grade (Corporal) Maxwell while under enemy fire risked his life in order to protect the lives of other soldiers around from an enemy hand grenade.[2] He survived his wounds from the grenade blast and was awarded the Medal of Honor on April 6, 1945 which was presented to him from Major General Clarence Danielson at the Camp Carson Convalescent Hospital in Colorado on May 12.[4] He also received a Silver Star (oak leaf cluster) which was awarded to him for an earlier action on September 7, 1944.[9][3] Post-serviceAfter the war, he enrolled in vocational school for two years in Eugene, Oregon to be an auto mechanic.[1] After his training, he worked a two-year apprenticeship for an Oldsmobile car dealership in Redmond, Oregon.[1] During this time, he met Beatrice his wife to be, and they married on August 12, 1951. He then taught auto mechanics at Bend High School in Bend, Oregon.[5] From 1966 through 1986, Maxwell taught auto mechanics at Lane Community College in Eugene, Oregon. He is also credited with helping to establish a similar program at Central Oregon Community College in Bend. He was honored in 1970 as one of 5,000 outstanding educators.[6] In 2000, at the age of 79, he received his High School Diploma from Bend Senior High School. In 2012, he suffered a minor stroke, but recovered after only a few short days with only minor loss of functionality of his right hand. He continues as the director of the non-profit Bend Heroes Foundation.[6] Maxwell resides in Bend, Oregon, and is the only living Medal of Honor recipient in that state.[16] Military awardsMaxwell's military awards and decorations include:[7]
Medal of Honor citationMaxwell's official Medal of Honor citation reads: Rank and organization: Technician Fifth Grade, U.S. Army, 7th Infantry, 3d Infantry Division Place and date: Near Besançon, France, 7 September 1944 Entered service at: Larimer County, Colo. G.O. No. 24, 6 April 1945 For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at risk of life above and beyond the call of duty on 7 September 1944, near Besancon, France. Technician 5th Grade Maxwell and 3 other soldiers, armed only with .45 caliber automatic pistols, defended the battalion observation post against an overwhelming onslaught by enemy infantrymen in approximately platoon strength, supported by 20mm. flak and machinegun fire, who had infiltrated through the battalion's forward companies and were attacking the observation post with machinegun, machine pistol, and grenade fire at ranges as close as 10 yards. Despite a hail of fire from automatic weapons and grenade launchers, Technician 5th Grade Maxwell aggressively fought off advancing enemy elements and, by his calmness, tenacity, and fortitude, inspired his fellows to continue the unequal struggle. When an enemy hand grenade was thrown in the midst of his squad, Technician 5th Grade Maxwell unhesitatingly hurled himself squarely upon it, using his blanket and his unprotected body to absorb the full force of the explosion. This act of instantaneous heroism permanently maimed Technician 5th Grade Maxwell, but saved the lives of his comrades in arms and facilitated maintenance of vital military communications during the temporary withdrawal of the battalion's forward headquarters.[9] Namings and honors
See also{{Portal|Biography|United States Army|World War II}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://write-to-win.com/robert-d-maxwell-the-oldest-living-recipient-of-the-congressional-medal-of-honor/|title=Robert D. Maxwell: The Oldest Living Recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor – Write to Win!|website=write-to-win.com}} [11][12]2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://write-to-win.com/tag/veteran-hero/|title=veteran hero – Write to Win!|website=write-to-win.com}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://theirfinesthour.net/2014/09/robertdmaxwell/|title=Technician Fifth Grade Robert D. Maxwell, USA (September 7, 1944)|date=7 September 2014|publisher=}} 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W90gMJCeiJQC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=robert+maxwell,+moh+-+gen+danielson&source=bl&ots=QrgSHZFH_Y&sig=mE1CCZcsmU-0FVC2d6zKgLfjD_g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0|title=Medal of Honor|date=2011|publisher=Artisan Books|via=Google Books}} 5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAQpCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=robert+d+maxwell+-+veterans+memorial+bridge+dedicated&source=bl&ots=LTNXMwpXO8&sig=92fX9IcRK32y84eEpbGKBpGevEo|title=Legendary Locals of Bend|first=Les|last=Joslin|date=2016|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|via=Google Books}} 6. ^1 {{Cite web|url = http://www.lanecc.edu/newsroom/n/nr1596|title = WWII Medal of Honor vet to dedicate student center at LCC Nov.5|date = Oct 25, 2012|accessdate = May 31, 2014|website = Lane Community College Newsroom|publisher = |last = |first = }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/inf/0007in003bn.htm|title=3d Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment - Lineage and Honors - U.S. Army Center of Military History (CMH)|first=U.S. Army Center of Military History|last=(CMH)|website=history.army.mil}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://robertdmaxwell.com/|title=Robert D. Maxwell|first=Bend Marketing|last=Group|website=Robert D. Maxwell}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/news/archives/2004/0911_maxwell_bridge.html|title=News Stories from the Archives|website=www.homeofheroes.com}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bendbulletin.com/localstate/1263077-151/robert-maxwell-honored|title=Robert Maxwell honored|first=Saxotech|last=Interface|date=8 November 2013|publisher=}} 11. ^1 2 {{Cite web | url = http://www.history.army.mil//html/moh/wwII-m-s.html | title = Medal of Honor Recipients - World War II (M–S) | work = Medal of Honor Citations | publisher = United States Army Center of Military History | date = December 3, 2010 | accessdate = June 26, 2011 }} 12. ^1 {{cite news |last=Burns |first=Keisha |title=Lawmakers OK 'WWII Veterans' designation for Hwy. 97 |publisher=KTVZ |date=May 28, 2009 |location=Bend, Oregon |url=https://www.ktvz.com/news/lawmakers-ok-wwii-veterans-designation-for-hwy-97/68281036 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718003425/https://www.ktvz.com/news/lawmakers-ok-wwii-veterans-designation-for-hwy-97/68281036|dead-url=no |archive-date=November 21, 2016 |accessdate=2009-05-29 }} }} External links
9 : 1920 births|Living people|People from Bend, Oregon|People from Boise, Idaho|Military personnel from Idaho|United States Army soldiers|American army personnel of World War II|United States Army Medal of Honor recipients|World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor |
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