| 词条 | Robert Maynard |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Robert Maynard | honorific_suffix = | image = Capture-of-Blackbeard.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Capture of the Pirate, Blackbeard, 1718, Jean Leon Gerome Ferris | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | other_name = | nickname = | birth_date = {{birth date|1684|09|19}} | birth_place = Dartford, Kent, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|1751|01|04|1684|09|19}} | death_place = Great Mongeham, Kent, England | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = St Martin's Church, Great Mongeham, Kent, England | placeofburial_coordinates = | allegiance = Great Britain | branch = Royal Navy | serviceyears = | serviceyears_label = | rank = captain | rank_label = | servicenumber = | unit = | commands = | battles_label = | battles = | awards = | memorials = | spouse = Ann Johnson Maynard | children = none | relations = Margaret Mitchell (sister) Thomas Maynard (brother) | laterwork = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | website = | module = }} Robert Maynard (born 19 September 1684 – 4 January 1751) was a lieutenant and later captain [1] in the Royal Navy. He served as first lieutenant of {{HMS|Pearl|1708|6}}, most famous for his part in the defeat of the notorious English pirate Blackbeard in battle. Robert Maynard was made a lieutenant on 14 January 1707. From 1709 he was third lieutenant on {{HMS|Bedford|1698|6}}. He became first lieutenant of HMS Pearl in 1716. He was promoted to commander in 1739, and to captain in 1740. Early lifeMaynard was born in Dartford, Kent, England in 19 September 1684.[2] Naval commands and battlesGovernor Alexander Spotswood of the Colony of Virginia gave Maynard the command of two sloops, Ranger and Jane. They departed the docks of Hampton, Virginia on 19 November 1718. Maynard caught up with Blackbeard at Ocracoke Inlet off the coast of North Carolina on 22 November 1718. Most of Blackbeard's men were ashore and Maynard outgunned and outnumbered the pirates three to one. However Maynard's ship had no cannons and only small arms, while Blackbeard's had up to eight cannons. Maynard, however, hid most of his men below deck. Initially Blackbeard had his ship go to shallower water. Maynard's heavier ship hit a sandbar and was stuck. Blackbeard then manoeuvred his ship to fire a broadside at Maynard's ship. Meanwhile Maynard, who was on the sloop Jane, ordered everything not essential to combat to be thrown overboard to make the ship lighter, and eventually freed the ship. Blackbeard's ship fired at least two more broadsides on Maynard's, killing several of Maynard's men. After the last attack, it appeared to the attackers that only Maynard and another crew member were left alive and Blackbeard and some of his men boarded Maynard's ship. He was then ambushed by a force much larger than he had expected; Maynard had told his surviving soldiers to hide below deck only to come out and attack at a given signal. During the battle, Maynard and Blackbeard ended up in hand-to-hand combat. Both pointed pistols at each other. Maynard shot his adversary at point-blank range, while Blackbeard missed. However the shot failed to stop his opponent. Blackbeard pressed on, breaking Maynard's sword. Finally, another sailor jumped on Blackbeard's back and inflicted a deep wound. Maynard was then able to kill Blackbeard.[3]Maynard later examined Teach's body, noting that it had been shot no fewer than five times and cut about twenty. He also found several items of correspondence, including a letter to Teach from Tobias Knight, the Royal Secretary for North Carolina.[4] Blackbeard was beheaded and his head was tied to the bowsprit of his ship for the trip back to Virginia. Upon returning to his home port of Hampton, the head was placed on a stake near the mouth of the Hampton River as a warning to other pirates. Lieutenant Maynard remained at Ocracoke for several more days, making repairs and burying the dead.[5] Teach's loot—sugar, cocoa, indigo and cotton—found "in pirate sloops and ashore in a tent where the sloops lay", was sold at auction along with sugar and cotton found in Tobias Knight's barn, for £2,238. Governor Spotswood used a portion of this to pay for the entire operation. The prize money for capturing Teach was to have been about £400, but it was split between the crews of HMS Lyme and HMS Pearl. As Captain Brand and his troops had not been the ones fighting for their lives, Maynard thought this extremely unfair. It was later discovered that he and his crew had helped themselves to about £90 of Teach's booty. The two companies did not receive their prize money for another four years,[6][7] and despite his bravery Maynard was not promoted, instead, he faded into obscurity.[8] LegacyMaynard's final resting place is in the churchyard of St Martin's Church at Great Mongeham in Kent, southeast England, near the cinque port of Deal.[9] He left an estate in excess of £2000.[10] Maynard's success is still celebrated by his successor – the crew of the current HMS Ranger – who commemorate Blackbeard's defeat at the annual Sussex University Royal Naval Unit Blackbeard Night mess dinner every year, at a date as close as possible to 22 November.[11] The City of Hampton, Virginia also celebrates its historic ties to Maynard by recreating the final sea battle on Tall Ships in the Hampton Harbor during the city's annual Blackbeard Festival in June. References1. ^Burial monument 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.answers.com/Q/When_was_lieutenant_Robert_Maynard_born |title=When was lieutenant Robert Maynard born? |access-date=18 July 2018 |work=Answers.com}} 3. ^{{cite journal|title=When Blackbeard Scourged the Seas|journal=Colonial Williamsburg Journal|date=Autumn 1992|volume= 15| issue = 1|pages= 22–28|url=https://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/blackbea.cfm|accessdate=9 March 2016}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Robert E.|title=Blackbeard the Pirate (2002 ed.)|date=1974|publisher=North Carolina: John F. Blair|isbn=0-89587-032-0}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|p=259}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Lee|1974|p=139}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Lee|1974|pp=125–126}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Konstam|2007|pp=272–274}} 9. ^Burial monument: 'On a Monument on The N.E. Buttrice of the Tower-. [Arg. a chevn. az. betw. 3 hands apaumé gu]. To the Memory of Capt. Robert MAYNARD a faithfull & experience’d Commander of the Royal Navy; who, after he had distinguish’d himself by many brave and gallant Actions in the Service of his King and Country retired to this Place where he died 1 January 1750–51 aged 67.' 10. ^His will, available online at http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/, was made 12 October 1750 and proved on 28 March 1751 (PROB 11/786). It lists bequests to his mother, Mrs Ann Maynard; his sister Margaret Mitchell (formerly wife of John Peck of Boston, New England, deceased) and her children Thomas, John and Ann Peck; his sister-in-law Mrs Ann Maynard, widow of his brother Captain Thomas Maynard; his friend Mr Thomas Gee of Holborn, London, and his "daughter-in-law" (possibly stepdaughter) Elizabeth Judson of Great Mongeham, whom he appoints executrix. 11. ^Sussex {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060728064538/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.2967 |date=28 July 2006 }} External links
5 : 1684 births|1751 deaths|18th-century Royal Navy personnel|Royal Navy officers|Anti-piracy |
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