| 词条 | Robert Stephen Ford |
| 释义 |
| name = Robert Stephen Ford | image = Robert Stephen Ford US State Dept photo.jpg | caption = Ford (circa 2011) | alt = | order = | ambassador_from = United States | country = Syria | term_start = January 28, 2011 | term_end = February 28, 2014 | president = Barack Obama | predecessor = Maura Connelly | successor = Daniel Rubinstein (as Special Envoy) | ambassador_from2 = United States | country2 = Algeria | term_start2 = May 30, 2006 | term_end2 = June 26, 2008 | president2 = George W. Bush | predecessor2 = Richard W. Erdman | successor2 = David D. Pearce | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1958}} | birth_place =Denver, Colorado | alma_mater = Johns Hopkins University | spouse = Alison Barkley | party = | profession =Diplomat, Career Ambassador | blank1 = | data1 = }}Robert Stephen Ford (born 1958) is a retired American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Algeria from 2006 to 2008 and the United States Ambassador to Syria from 2010 to 2014.[1] Personal life and educationFord is originally from Denver, Colorado,[2] but is more recently a resident of Maryland.[3] He earned a bachelor of arts in international studies and a master of arts in Middle East studies and economics from Johns Hopkins University. In addition, he pursued advanced Arabic studies at The American University in Cairo. In addition to English, Ford speaks German, Turkish, French, and Arabic.[3] A senior advisor to the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq once described Ford as being "regarded as one of the best Arabists in the State Department".[4] Ford is married to Alison Barkley, who is a fellow diplomat.[2] CareerEarlier careerA career member of the United States Foreign Service, he entered the service in 1985 and has been stationed in İzmir, Cairo, Algiers and Yaoundé. Ford served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Bahrain from 2001 until 2004, and Political Counselor to the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad from 2004 until 2006.[3] AlgeriaHe was nominated for the position of U.S. Ambassador to Algeria by U.S. President George W. Bush on April 13, 2006. The nomination was sent to the U.S. Senate on April 24 and confirmed on May 27.[3] Ford was sworn in on August 11.[3] He served in the Algiers post until June 26, 2008.[5] SyriaIn 2010, U. S. President Barack Obama nominated Ford as the first U.S. Ambassador to Syria in five years (pending U.S. Senate approval).[6] In December 2010, after the U.S. Senate had failed to act on the nomination, Obama used a recess appointment to secure Ford the position.[7] The Senate then confirmed Ford by unanimous consent on October 3, 2011.[8][9] As a result, Ford no longer was serving under a recess appointment and therefore could have held the position until Obama's term ended in January 2017. On October 24, 2011, Ford was recalled from Syria due to what the U.S. State Department described as "credible threats" to his safety.[10] Ford had attracted the ire of pro-Assad Syrians due to his strong support of the Syrian uprising. According to American officials, Ford had been attacked by an armed pro-government mob, and Syrian state television had begun running reports blaming him for the formation of death squads similar to those in Iraq. This led to fears that supporters of the Syrian government might try to kill him.[11] In August 2013, it was reported by The New York Times that U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry had recommended that Ford serve as the next U.S. Ambassador to Egypt, following the incumbent ambassador, Anne W. Patterson, being nominated to serve as the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs{{spaced ndash}} the head of the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs within the U.S. Department of State, which oversees the Middle East.[12] On February 4, 2014, officials of the U.S. State Department said that Ford was retiring[13] and on February 28 announced his departure.[14] The U.S. States Department announced the appointment of Daniel Rubinstein as U.S. special envoy for Syria on March 14.[15] In 2014 and 2015, Ford said he could "no longer defend" the Obama Administration's Syria policy, claiming that if the Administration armed the moderate rebels, the al-Qaida groups would have been "unable to compete".[16] He later walked back these comments and shifted his criticism towards the rebel groups for cooperating with jihadists.[17] In December 2018, Ford declared his support for President Trump's decision to withdraw US troops from Syria, describing it as "essentially correct."[18] Actions in SyriaHe visited Hama, where he was cheered by protesters.[19] He visited a mass grave at Jisr ash-Shugur.[20] He met with Hassan Abdul-Azim, and was attacked with eggs and tomatoes by government supporters.[21][22] During an interview with the Russian state-run television network [23] Russia Today, former CIA intelligence officer Michael Scheuer alleged that prior to Ford's removal he was traveling across the country inciting groups to overthrow the government.[24] Later careerAfter retiring from government service, Ford was a resident of St. Johnsbury, Vermont, a senior fellow at the Middle East Institute, and a professor at Yale University's Jackson Institute for Global Affairs.[25] HonorsFord is a recipient of several Department of State awards, including the 2005 James Clement Dunn Award for Excellence for outstanding work at the mid-level in the Foreign Service as well as three Superior Honor Awards and two Meritorious Honor Awards.[3] In 2012, Ford was awarded the Profile in Courage Award by the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation for his work as the U.S. ambassador in Syria amidst "repeated threats to his life" where he was doing what was characterized as "traveling around Syria to encourage and support peaceful protesters targeted by Assad's brutal crackdown".[26] See also{{portal|Government of the United States|International Relations}}
References1. ^{{cite news|author = Gordon, Michael R. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/01/world/middleeast/american-envoy-to-syria-steps-down.html?ref=world|title=American Envoy to Syria Steps Down | work = The New York Times|date= February 28, 2014|accessdate= April 28, 2014}} 2. ^1 {{cite news |first=Borzou |last=Daragahi |title=Progress and Pain Marked Envoy's Tenure in Iraq |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2006/jun/03/world/fg-ford3 | work = Los Angeles Times |date= June 3, 2006 |accessdate= February 3, 2010}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title=Biography: Robert S. Ford (archive.org) |url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/70946.htm |publisher=U.S. State Department |date= August 21, 2006 |accessdate= February 3, 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080411134402/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/70946.htm |archivedate = April 11, 2008}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Coalition Provisional Authority Briefing |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/06/mil-040612-dod01.htm |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |date= June 12, 2004 |accessdate= February 3, 2010}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Bouteflika Re-Appoints Ouyahia as PM|url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=26586|newspaper=Middle East Online|date=June 24, 2008|access-date=January 16, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403012118/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=26586|archive-date=April 3, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 6. ^{{cite news |title=US Nominates First Ambassador to Syria in Five Years |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8496300.stm |publisher= BBC News |date= February 3, 2010 |accessdate= February 3, 2010}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Phillip|first=Abby|url=http://www.politico.com/politico44/perm/0411/a_useful_guy_528d2a43-3845-42b3-a9d1-c07b41fbf2fb.html |title=Ford in Spotlight Amid Syria Revolt |publisher= Politico |date= |accessdate= July 23, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov/galleries/pdcl/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-08-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502100722/https://www.senate.gov/galleries/pdcl/ |archivedate=May 2, 2012 |df=mdy }}. United States Senate. 9. ^{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/10/syria-us-ambassador-robert-ford-confirmation.html| title=U.S. Senate Approves Robert Ford as Ambassador| work= Los Angeles Times | date=October 4, 2011}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/us-brings-ambassador-ford-home-syria-citing-threats/story?id=14803174|title=U.S. Brings Ambassador Ford Home from Syria, Citing Threats to Safety|publisher=ABC News|last=Radia|first=Kirit|date=October 24, 2011|accessdate=October 24, 2011}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/24/world/meast/syria-us-ambassador/index.html|title=U.S. Pulls Envoy from Syria over Safety Concerns|publisher=CNN|date=October 24, 2011|accessdate=October 26, 2011}} 12. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/05/world/middleeast/kerry-picks-former-syria-envoy-as-ambassador-to-egypt.html?_r=0 | work= The New York Times | author = Gordon, Michael R. | title=Former Envoy to Syria Said to Be Choice for Cairo Post | date=August 4, 2013}} 13. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/04/us-syria-crisis-usa-ambassador-idUSBREA131NE20140204 "U.S. Ambassador to Syria Robert Ford to retire: sources"]. Reuters. February 4, 2014. 14. ^Staff (February 28, 2014). "U.S. Names Larry Silverman as Temporary Point Man on Syria". Reuters. Retrieved June 6, 2014. 15. ^Staff (March 17, 2014). [https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/17/us-usa-syria-envoy-idUSBREA2G0W420140317 "U.S. Names Envoy to Replace Retiring Ambassador to Syria"]. Reuters. Retrieved June 6, 2014. 16. ^[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/syrias-moderate-opposition-needs-help-ground-says-former-ambassador "Former U.S. Ambassador Says He Could 'No Longer Defend' Obama Administration's Syria Policy"] (June 3, 2014), PBS NewsHour 17. ^Once a top booster, ex-U.S. envoy no longer backs arming Syrian rebels, Hannah Allam, McClatchy Washington Bureau, February 2015 18. ^{{cite news |last1=Ford |first1=Robert S. |title=Opinion {{!}} Trump’s Syria decision was essentially correct. Here’s how he can make the most of it. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/even-without-troops-the-us-can-still-have-influence-in-syria/2018/12/27/757582b8-0a08-11e9-85b6-41c0fe0c5b8f_story.html |accessdate=December 28, 2018 |work=The Washington Post |date=December 27, 2018 |language=en |quote=the president should view the hullabaloo that erupted after he announced the Syrian pullout as an opportunity to take a number of steps to make the most of his essentially correct, but widely unpopular, move.}} 19. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/low-key-us-diplomat-transforms-syria-policy/2011/07/12/gIQAc5kSBI_story.html| title=Low-Key U.S. Diplomat Transforms Syria Policy| work= The Washington Post |author= Sheridan, Mary Beth | date= July 12, 2011}} 20. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2043344/U-S-Ambassador-Robert-Ford-egged-angry-mob-Syria-tried-storm-building-Damascus.html| title=U.S. Ambassador Egged by Angry Mob in Syria Who Tried to Storm Building in Damascus| author= Watson, Leon | work= Daily Mail| date = September 29, 2011}} 21. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/29/robert-ford-tomatoes_n_986712.html | work= The Huffington Post | title=Robert Ford, U.S. Ambassador to Syria, Pelted with Tomatoes | date=September 29, 2011}} 22. ^{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/09/syria-us-ambassador-ford.html| title=Syria: U.S. Ambassador Threatened by Pro-Government Crowd| work= Los Angeles Times| date=September 29, 2011}} 23. ^{{cite news | author = Ioffe, Julia |title=What Is Russia Today?|url=http://www.cjr.org/feature/what_is_russia_today.php?page=all| work = Columbia Journalism Review |date=September–October 2010}} 24. ^{{cite video |people= Scheuer, Michael; Chichakyan, Gayane (interviewer) |date= November 13, 2011 |title= Ex-CIA Agent: America Creates Its Own Enemies |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cLjZoA3GaVE |format= |medium= television production |publisher= Russia Today (via YouTube) |location= Washington, D.C. |accessdate= January 7, 2012 |time= 03:30 |quote= Until they removed the US ambassador he was running around the country trying to encourage groups to overthrow the Syrian government. That is not the role of any diplomat.}} 25. ^{{cite news |last=Kelley |first=Kevin J. |date=June 8, 2016 |title=The Former Syrian Ambassador Talks Rutland, His Old Boss and NEK Life |url=https://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/the-former-syrian-ambassador-talks-rutland-his-old-boss-and-nek-life/Content?oid=3406699 |work=Seven Days |location=Burlington, VT}} 26. ^{{Cite news |title= JFK Awards for 3 Iowa Supreme Court Justices, US Ambassador to Syria for 'Doing What's Right' |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/jfk-awards-for-3-iowa-supreme-court-justices-us-ambassador-to-syria-for-doing-whats-right/2012/05/06/gIQAUp635T_story.html |newspaper= The Washington Post |agency= Associated Press |date= May 6, 2012 |accessdate= May 16, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=September 2012}} External links{{commons category}}{{external links|date=June 2014}}
| title= U.S. Ambassador to Algeria | before= Richard W. Erdman | after= David D. Pearce | years= 2006–2008 }}{{succession box | title= U.S. Ambassador to Syria | before= Margaret Scobey | after= Daniel Rubinstein | years= 2011–2014 }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ford, Robert Stephen}} 17 : Date of birth missing (living people)|Place of birth missing (living people)|1958 births|Ambassadors of the United States to Algeria|Ambassadors of the United States to Syria|American expatriates in Bahrain|American expatriates in Egypt|American expatriates in Iraq|American expatriates in Turkey|Expatriates in Cameroon|George W. Bush administration personnel|Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni|Living people|Obama administration personnel|People from Denver|People from Maryland|Recess appointments |
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